Table 3.
Cox regression analysis of relative factors for three years of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
| Variables | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Education level |
|
|
|
High education
|
ref |
|
|
Low education
|
1.75 (1.17-2.61) |
<0.05 |
| Age |
|
|
|
<65
|
ref |
|
|
≥65
|
2.98 (2.10-4.23) |
<0.05 |
| Sex |
|
|
|
Male
|
ref |
|
|
Female
|
0.60 (0.39-0.94) |
<0.05 |
| Biofuel exposure |
|
|
|
No
|
ref |
|
|
Yes
|
1.35 (1.05-1.73) |
<0.05 |
| BMI |
|
|
|
<18.5
|
ref |
|
|
18.5-23.9
|
0.78 (0.57-1.08) |
0.130 |
|
≥24
|
0.53 (0.36-0.79) |
<0.05 |
| CAT |
|
|
|
<10
|
ref |
|
|
10-19
|
1.55 (0.94-2.55) |
0.089 |
|
20-29
|
2.37 (1.40-4.01) |
<0.05 |
|
≥30
|
4.43 (2.28-8.62) |
<0.05 |
| mMRC |
|
|
|
0-1
|
ref |
|
|
≥2
|
2.00 (1.33-3.00) |
<0.05 |
| Lung cancer |
6.83 (3.77-12.38) |
<0.05 |
| Diabetes | 2.78 (1.01-7.66) | <0.05 |
ref – reference, BMI – body mass index, CAT – COPD assessment test, mMRC – modified Medical Research Council, HR – hazard ratio, CI – confidence interval
*Adjusted for education level, age, sex, biofuel exposure, smoke status, BMI, CAT, mMRC, exacerbation in the past year, pulmonary function, therapy, prescription outcomes, and comorbidities.