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. 2023 Nov 17;13:1288044. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1288044

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Copyright © 2023 Wang and Hou

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bronchoscopic examination shows (A) an irregular, protuberant mass at the orifice of RB7 on bronchoscopy, (B) a hybrid knife used to remove the tumor stump, (C) the appearance of the orifice of RB7, after a combined treatment of electrocautery snare, cryoresection, ESD using a hybrid knife, and APC for wound management, and (D) the appearance of the orifice of RB7 3-month post-treatment. (E) Hematoxylin and eosin staining shows the mass composed of spindle cells. Immunohistochemical staining reveals a (F) Ki-67 index of 3%+; the mass is positive for (G) alpha-smooth muscle actin, (H) desmin, and (I) vimentin.