Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants.
| Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=254 | n=218 | p-value | |||
| Age, years | 62.4 | ±10.2 | 62.1 | ±10.4 | 0.760 |
| Body height, cm | 166.2 | ±6.4 | 154.1 | ±5.9 | <0.001 |
| Body weight, kg | 64.2 | ±8.6 | 53.4 | ±9.7 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.2 | ±2.6 | 22.5 | ±3.6 | 0.007 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Stroke, n (%) | 5 | (2.0) | 8 | (3.7) | 0.276 |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 21 | (8.3) | 6 | (2.8) | 0.010 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 26 | (10.2) | 13 | (6.0) | 0.097 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 93 | (36.6) | 60 | (27.5) | 0.039 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 50 | (19.7) | 57 | (26.1) | 0.099 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 54 | (21.3) | 7 | (3.2) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin D administration, n (%) | 2 | (0.8) | 7 | (3.2) | 0.088 |
| Sarcopenia diagnosis | |||||
| Muscle mass loss (%) | 68 | (26.8) | 39 | (18.1) | 0.027 |
| Muscle function loss (%) | 25 | (9.8) | 31 | (14.4) | 0.154 |
| Sarcopenia (%) | 14 | (5.5) | 11 | (5.1) | 1.000 |
| Quantity | |||||
| CSA, cm2 | 58.0 | ±9.5 | 42.3 | ±7.4 | <0.001 |
| CSA / height, cm | 0.349 | ±0.054 | 0.274 | ±0.044 | <0.001 |
| CSA / height2, % | 0.210 | ±0.033 | 0.178 | ±0.027 | <0.001 |
| CSA / weight, cm2/kg | 0.907 | ±0.117 | 0.800 | ±0.119 | <0.001 |
| CSA / BMI, 104·cm4/kg | 2.51 | ±0.36 | 1.90 | ±0.32 | <0.001 |
| ASM, kg | 20.8 | ±2.8 | 14.4 | ±2.3 | <0.001 |
| SMI, kg / m2 | 7.53 | ±0.77 | 6.06 | ±0.76 | <0.001 |
| ASM / weight, % | 32.5 | ±2.3 | 27.2 | ±2.4 | <0.001 |
| ASM / BMI, m2 | 0.90 | ±0.10 | 0.65 | ±0.08 | <0.001 |
| Quality | |||||
| CTV, HU | 54.3 | ±3.4 | 50.6 | ±4.1 | <0.001 |
| CTV / BMI, HU·m2/kg | 2.37 | ±0.34 | 2.31 | ±0.41 | 0.075 |
| KES / CSA, N/cm2 | 7.81 | ±1.40 | 6.96 | ±1.32 | <0.001 |
| Quality×Quantity | |||||
| CSA × CTV, cm2·HU | 3157 | ±595 | 2146 | ±444 | <0.001 |
| CSA × CTV / height, cm·HU | 19.0 | ±3.4 | 13.9 | ±2.7 | <0.001 |
| CSA × CTV / height2, HU | 0.114 | ±0.020 | 0.090 | ±0.017 | <0.001 |
| CSA × CTV / weight, cm2·HU/kg | 49.4 | ±8.2 | 40.7 | ±8.0 | <0.001 |
| CSA × CTV / BMI, 104·cm4·HU/kg | 137 | ±25 | 97 | ±21 | <0.001 |
| Physical performance | |||||
| Grip, kg | 37.6 | ±6.5 | 23.3 | ±4.5 | <0.001 |
| KES, N | 453 | ±108 | 294 | ±76 | <0.001 |
| Leg Power, W | 535 | ±156 | 321 | ±93 | <0.001 |
| Sit up, times | 13.4 | ±5.0 | 8.0 | ±5.5 | <0.001 |
| Walking, m/seconds | 1.41 | ±0.18 | 1.38 | ±0.16 | 0.032 |
| Fast walking, m/seconds | 1.92 | ±0.24 | 1.80 | ±0.20 | <0.001 |
| Balance, seconds | 16.1 | ±24.0 | 13.9 | ±19.5 | 0.292 |
| Reaction, seconds | 0.43 | ±0.08 | 0.46 | ±0.07 | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as numbers (%).
Means are expressed ± standard deviation.
p-values were obtained from the t-test for continuous data and the χ2 test and fisher's exact test for categorical data.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CSA, cross-sectional area; ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index; CTV, computed tomography attenuation value; HU, Hounsfield unit; KES, knee extension strength.