Table 4.
Longitudinal associations of baseline napping duration and biological age measures with global cognitive decline.
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3a | Model 3b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95%CI) | p value | β (95%CI) | p value | β (95%CI) | p value | β (95%CI) | p value | |
| Napping duration, min | ||||||||
| 0 | −0.108 (−0.152, −0.063) |
<0.001 | −0.051 (−0.095, −0.014) |
0.009 | −0.053 (−0.093, −0.012) |
0.011 | −0.051 (−0.092, −0.010) |
0.013 |
| ≤ 30 | 0.016 (−0.040,0.072) |
0.566 | −0.009 (−0.060,0.041) |
0.700 | −0.011 (−0.061,0.040) |
0.675 | −0.009 (−0.059,0.042) |
0.734 |
| 30–90 | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| ≥ 90 | −0.084 (−0.147, −0.019) |
0.011 | −0.081 (−0.140, −0.027) |
0.007 | −0.080 (−0.141, −0.026) |
0.008 | −0.080 (−0.140, −0.025) |
0.005 |
| Time since baseline (years) | −0.060 (−0.068, −0.052) |
<0.001 | −0.058 (−0.066, −0.050) |
<0.001 | −0.058 (−0.066, −0.050) |
<0.001 | −0.059 (−0.068, −0.051) |
<0.001 |
| Napping duration x Time since baseline | ||||||||
| 0 | −0.014 (−0.024, −0.004) |
0.008 | −0.013 (−0.024, −0.003) |
0.012 | −0.013 (−0.024, −0.003) |
0.012 | −0.013 (−0.023, −0.002) |
0.016 |
| ≤ 30 | −0.001 (−0.014, 0.012) |
0.936 | 0.000 (−0.013, 0.013) |
0.990 | 0.000 (−0.013, 0.013) |
0.989 | 0.001 (−0.012, 0.014) |
0.923 |
| 30–90 | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| ≥ 90 | −0.021 (−0.036, −0.006) |
0.006 | −0.020 (0.034, −0.005) |
0.007 | −0.020 (−0.035, −0.005) |
0.008 | −0.019 (−0.034, −0.004) |
0.012 |
| KDM-BAacc | – | – | – | – | −0.007 (−0.013, −0.001) |
0.024 | – | – |
| KDM-BAacc x Time since baseline | – | – | – | – | −0.001 (−0.003,0.000) |
0.082 | – | – |
| PD | – | – | – | – | – | – | −0.027 (−0.044, −0.010) |
0.002 |
| PD x Time since baseline | – | – | – | – | – | – | −0.011 (−0.016, −0.007) |
<0.001 |
KDM-BAacc, Klemera and Doubal method, biological age acceleration; PD, physiological dysregulation; CI, confidence interval. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for education level, residence, BMI, marital status, current smoking and drinking status, night sleep duration, depressive symptoms, and self-reported chronic diseases based on Model 1. Model 3a was additionally adjusted for KDM-BAacc, based on Model 2. Model 3b was additionally adjusted for PD, based on Model 2.