Table 1.
Demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics of participants included in analyses from NHANES (2011–2014), by Gender
| Variable | Male (n =1,168) | Female (n =1,209) | Total (n = 2,377) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age (mean (SD)) | 69.32 (6.78) | 69.28 (6.69) | 69.30 (6.73) |
| Race (%) | |||
| Non- Hispanic White | 562(48.1) | 627 (51.9) | 1,189 (50.0) |
| Hispanic | 216 (18.5) | 225 (18.6) | 441 (18.6) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 275 (23.5) | 259 (21.4) | 534 (22.5) |
| Other | 115 (9.8) | 98(8.1) | 213 (9.0) |
| Education** | |||
| < 9th grade | 135 (11.6) | 110(9.1) | 245 (10.3) |
| 9–11th grade | 149 (12.8) | 165 (13.6) | 314 (13.2) |
| High school grad/ GED | 261 (22.3) | 302 (25.0) | 563 (23.7) |
| College | 301 (25.8) | 383 (31.7) | 684 (28.8) |
| College Grad and above | 322 (27.6) | 249 (20.6) | 571 (24.0) |
| Marital status* =Live with someone (%) | 838 (71.7) | 561 (46.4) | 1,399 (58.9) |
| BMI (mean (SD))* | 28.56 (5.48) | 29.58 (6.92) | 29.08 (6.28) |
| Grip Strength (mean (SD))* | 75.52 (16.38) | 48.15 (10.32) | 61.60 (19.32) |
| HDL (mean (SD))* | 49.55 (14.67) | 59.28 (16.5) | 54.50 (16.36) |
| Cognitive performance assessment | |||
| CERAD.IR (mean (SD))* | 18.30(4.36) | 19.98 (4.52) | 19.16(4.52) |
| CERAD.DR (mean (SD))* | 5.65 (2.23) | 6.44 (2.21) | 6.05 (2.25) |
| AFT (mean (SD)) | 17.07 (5.55) | 16.84 (5.40) | 16.95 (5.47) |
| DSS (mean (SD))* | 44.31 (16.00) | 49.82 (17.44) | 47.11 (16.97) |
| Physical activity | |||
| Total minutes of vigorous-intensity activity/week (mean (SD))* | 122.48 (367.60) | 47.00 (217.58) | 84.08 (303.09) |
| Vigorous-intensity activity.** | |||
| < 1 h | 903 (77.3) | 1,063 (87.9) | 1,966 (82.7) |
| 1–3 h | 86 (7.4) | 73 (6.0) | 159 (6.7) |
| 3–6 h | 78 (6.7) | 28 (2.3) | 106 (4.5) |
| 6 + h | 101 (8.6) | 45 (3.7) | 146 (6.1) |
| Total minutes of moderate-intensity activity/week (mean (SD))* | 353.18 (578.87) | 268.68 (497.11) | 310.20(540.38) |
| Moderate-intensity activity** | |||
| No activity | 379 (32.4) | 467 (38.6) | 846 (35.6) |
| <1 h | 75 (6.4) | 67 (5.5) | 142 (6.0) |
| 1–3 h | 207 (17.7) | 241 (19.9) | 448 (18.8) |
| 3–6 h | 184 (15.8) | 182(15.1) | 366 (15.4) |
| 6–9 h | 84 (7.2) | 81 (6.7) | 165 (6.9) |
| 9–12h | 66 (5.7) | 52 (4.3) | 118(5.0) |
| 12 + h | 173 (14.8) | 119 (9.8) | 292 (12.3) |
| Depression status (%)** | |||
| Minimum | 949 (81.2) | 832 (68.8) | 1,781 (74.9) |
| Mild | 143 (12.2) | 233 (19.3) | 376 (15.8) |
| Moderate | 44 (3.8) | 86 (7.1) | 130 (5.5) |
| Moderate Severe | 18 (1.5) | 42 (3.5) | 60 (2.5) |
| Severe | 14 (1.2) | 16(1.3) | 30(1.3) |
| Physician-diagnosed Hypertension = Yes (%)* | 682 (58.4) | 770 (63.7) | 1,452(61.1) |
| Physician-diagnosed Diabetes | |||
| No | 838 (71.7) | 902 (74.6) | 1,740 (73.2) |
| Borderline | 54 (4.6) | 57 (4.7) | 111 (4.7) |
| Yes | 276 (23.6) | 250 (20.7) | 526(22.1) |
| Comorbidity score (mean (SD))* | 0.85 (1.03) | 0.95 (0.97) | 0.90(1.00) |
Unweighted sample size
*
t-test, p < 0.05,
**
Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.05. CERAD.IR, immediate recall memory test; CERAD.DR, delayed recall memory test; AFT, animal fluency test; DSS, digit symbol substitution test.