Table 5.
Regression analyses examining the association between cognitive performance assessment scores and moderate-intensity physical activity (n = 2,377)
| β (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Model | Unadjusted | Minimally adjusted | Fully adjusted | |||
| CERAD.IR | ||||||
| MPA No activity | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| MPA<1h | 0.14 (−0.66, 0.94) | −0.07 (−0.80, 0.66) | −0.12 (−0.85, 0.60) | |||
| MPA 1–3 h | 0.71 (0.19, 1.23)** | 0.34 (−0.13, 0.81) | 0.23 (−0.25, 0.70) | |||
| MPA 3–6 h | 0.53 (−0.03, 1.08)^ | 0.06 (−0.44, 0.57) | −0.06 (−0.57, 0.45) | |||
| MPA 6–9 h | 0.76(0.01, 1.52)* | 0.37 (−0.32, 1.05) | 0.22 (−0.47, 0.90) | |||
| MPA 9–12 h | 0.49 (−0.38, 1.36) | 0.09 (−0.70, 0.88) | −0.06 (−0.85, 0.73) | |||
| MPA 12 + h | 0.61 (0.00, 1.21)* | 0.25 (−0.30, 0.80) | 0.04 (−0.51, 0.60) | |||
| R-squared | 0.002 | 0.187 | 0.196 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Partial Eta-squared | MPA | 0.005 | MPA | 0.001 | MPA | 0.001 |
| Gender | 0.039 | Gender | 0.032 | |||
| Age | 0.072 | Age | 0.046 | |||
| Race | 0.010 | Race | 0.007 | |||
| Education | 0.068 | Education | 0.058 | |||
| Handgrip | 0.004 | |||||
| CERAD.DR | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| MPA No activity | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| MPA< 1 h | 0.34 (−0.06, 0.74)^ | 0.28 (−0.08, 0.65) | 0.25 (−0.11, 0.62) | |||
| MPA 1–3 h | 0.40(0.15,0.66)** | 0.23 (−0.01, 0.46)* | 0.20 (−0.04, 0.44) | |||
| MPA 3–6 h | 0.27 (0.00, 0.55)^ | 0.06 (−0.19, 0.31) | 0.05 (−0.21, 0.30) | |||
| MPA 6–9 h | 0.55 (0.18,0.93)** | 0.34 (0.00, 0.68)* | 0.31 (−0.04, 0.66) | |||
| MPA 9–12 h | 0.25 (−0.18,0.69) | 0.03 (−0.37, 0.43) | 0.00 (−0.40, 0.40) | |||
| MPA 12 + h | 0.33 (0.03, 0.63)* | 0.15 (−0.12, 0.43) | 0.10 (−0.18, 0.38) | |||
| R-squared | 0.004 | 0.171 | 0.180 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Partial Eta-squared | MPA | 0.007 | MPA | 0.003 | MPA | 0.003 |
| Gender | 0.036 | Gender | 0.023 | |||
| Age | 0.083 | Age | 0.054 | |||
| Race | 0.013 | Race | 0.014 | |||
| Education | 0.041 | Education | 0.034 | |||
| BMI | 0.005 | |||||
| Handgrip | 0.003 | |||||
|
| ||||||
| AFT | ||||||
| MPA No activity | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| MPA< 1 h | 0.70 (−0.026, 1.66) | 0.33 (−0.54, 1.19) | 0.26 (−0.60, 1.12) | |||
| MPA 1–3 h | 1.52(0.90, 2.14)*** | 1.05 (0.49, 1.60)*** | 0.90 (0.34, 1.46)** | |||
| MPA 3–6 h | 1.56(0.90, 2.22)*** | 0.95 (0.35, 1.55)** | 0.79(0.18, 1.39)* | |||
| MPA 6–9 h | 1.38 (0.48,2.29)** | 0.83 (0.02, 1.64)* | 0.61 (−0.20, 1.43) | |||
| MPA 9–12 h | 1.29 (0.25, 2.33)* | 0.78 (−0.17, 1.72)^ | 0.62 (−0.32, 1.55) | |||
| MPA 12 + h | 2.52(1.80, 3.24)*** | 1.66(1.01,2.32)*** | 1.39(0.73,2.05)*** | |||
| R-squared | 0.023 | 0.212 | 0.228 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Partial Eta-squared | MPA | 0.025 | MPA | 0.013 | MPA | 0.009 |
| Age | 0.071 | Age | 0.046 | |||
| Race | 0.072 | Race | 0.071 | |||
| Education | 0.076 | Education | 0.063 | |||
| BMI | 0.004 | |||||
| Handgrip | 0.007 | |||||
|
| ||||||
| DSS | ||||||
| MPA No activity | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| MPA< 1 h | 5.02 (2.03, 8.01)** | 3.57 (1.37, 5.76)** | 3.36(1.22, 5.50)** | |||
| MPA 1–3 h | 5.27 (3.34, 7.19)*** | 2.82 (1.40, 4.23)*** | 2.06 (0.67, 3.45)** | |||
| MPA 3–6 h | 5.46 (3.40, 7.52)*** | 2.23 (0.71, 3.75)** | 1.38 (−0.13, 2.88)^ | |||
| MPA 6–9 h | 4.73 (1.92, 7.53)*** | 1.82 (−0.24, 3.88)^ | 0.74 (−1.29, 2.77) | |||
| MPA 9–12 h | 5.35 (2.11, 8.59)** | 2.67 (0.29, 5.06)* | 1.83 (−0.51, 4.16) | |||
| MPA 12 + h | 4.01 (1.78, 6.25)*** | 1.38 (−0.28, 3.04)^ | 0.13 (−1.51, 1.77) | |||
| R-squared | 0.018 | 0.474 | 0.501 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Partial Eta-squared | MPA | 0.021 | MPA | 0.009 | MPA | 0.007 |
| Gender | 0.044 | Gender | 0.053 | |||
| Age | 0.173 | Age | 0.119 | |||
| Race | 0.120 | Race | 0.124 | |||
| Education | 0.247 | Education | 0.225 | |||
| BMI | 0.001 | |||||
| Handgrip | 0.015 | |||||
Minimally adjusted model included the covariates age, gender, race, and education Fully adjusted model included the covariates age, gender, race, education, marital status, BMI, handgrip strength, hypertension status, diabetes status, depression status, comorbid score, and serum HDL level.
***
p <0.001,
**
p<0.01,
*
p<0.05,
^
p <0.1 Ref, reference category; CERAD.IR, immediate recall memory test; CERAD.DR, delayed recall memory test; AFT, animal fluency test; DSS, digit symbol substitution test. Effect size is represented by Partial Eta-squared.