Table 1.
Comparison of deposition values and study site characteristics between this and previous studies
| Site locations | Ontario, Canada | Quebec, Canada | Merksplas, Belgium | Chichibu, Japan | Tanashi, Japan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Wet deposition (mmol m–2 year–1) |
Na+ | 4.1 | 2.2 | 132.0 | 10.1 | 36.8 |
| Cl− | 5.6 | 3.1 | - | 11.8 | 47.2 | |
| SO42− | 30.5 | 23.6 | - | 9.4 | 19.5 | |
| K+ | 3.0 | 0.9 | 9.6 | 11.3 | 10.5 | |
| Mg2+ | 2.1 | 0.7 | 19.2 | 2.5 | 8.0 | |
| Ca2+ | 8.1 | 2.8 | 38.4 | 8.3 | 17.6 | |
| H+ | 62.8 | 55.9 | 6.0 | 8.5 | 25.8 | |
| NH4+ | 25.8 | 23.4 | 143.5 | 13.6 | 27.6 | |
| NO3− | 38.3 | 30.4 | 111.6 | 16.3 | 36.2 | |
| Tree species | Deciduous |
Acer saccharum, Acer rubrum, Fagus grandifolia, Betula alleghaniensis, Populus grandidentata Betula papyrifera |
Acer saccharum | Betula pendula |
Fagus crenata Fagus japonica Tsuga sieboldii |
Quercus acutissima Pinus densiflora Quercus rubra |
| Coniferous |
Pinus strobus, Tsuga canadensis, Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, Betula papyrifera |
Abies balsamea, Picea rubens |
Pinus nigra | Cryptomeria japonica | Cryptomeria japonica | |
| Tree age | Deciduous | 80–120 | 40 | 210–250‡ | 80 | |
| Coniferous | 87* | 50 | 40 | 47–57 | 51 | |
|
Tree height (m) |
Deciduous | 20.2 | 14.4 | 24.5 | 18.5 | |
| Coniferous | 12.6 | 16.1 | 30.5 | 16.3 | ||
|
Basal area (m2 ha−1) |
Deciduous | 23.5† | 24.3 | 16 | 33.2 (> 5 cm)‡ | 25.6 (> 5 cm) |
| Coniferous | 31.3† | 32.6 (> 9 cm) | 45 | 88.6 | 40.0 (> 5 cm) | |
| LAI (m2 m−2) | Deciduous | 5.5 | Three times higher at Evergreen site than Deciduous site | 2.86 | 1.92 | |
| Coniferous | 5 | 1.81 | 1.92 | |||
| Reference | Neary and Gizyn (1994) | Houle et al. (1999) | De Schrijver et al. (2004) | This study | This study | |
*Watmough, S.A., & Dillon, P.J. (2004). Major element fluxes from a coniferous catchment in central Ontario, 1983–1999. Biogeochemistry. 67, 369–398
†Watmough, S.A., & Dillon, P.J. (2003). Base cation and nitrogen budgets for seven forested catchments in central Ontario, 1983–1999. Forest Ecology and Management. 177, 155–177
‡Sawada, H., Kaji, M., Oomura, K., & Ohkubo, T. (2008). Age structure and regeneration characteristic in a natural beech (Fagus japonica Maxim. And F. crenata Blume) forest in the Chichibu mountains, central Japan. Bulletin of the Tokyo University Forests, 119, 1–23