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. 2023 Dec 2;13:21293. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-48554-y

Table 3.

COPD-incidences by year of observation and income in men and women: Hazard ratios (HR), standard errors and confidence intervals.

Year Men Women
Hazard ratio p 95% CI Hazard ratio p 95% CI
2008 1 1
2009 0.9  < 0.001 0.86–0.94 0.9  < 0.001 0.86–0.94
2010 1.05 0.04 1.00–1.10 1.03 0.28 0.98–1.08
2011 0.87  < 0.001 0.83–0.90 0.9  < 0.001 0.86–0.93
2012 0.84  < 0.001 0.81–0.88 0.83  < 0.001 0.79–0.86
2013 0.9  < 0.001 0.86–0.94 0.9  < 0.001 0.86–0.95
2014 0.82  < 0.001 0.78–0.85 0.81  < 0.001 0.78–0.85
2015 0.82  < 0.001 0.77–0.85 0.81  < 0.001 0.78–0.86
2016 0.72  < 0.001 0.69–0.76 0.7  < 0.001 0.67–0.74
2017 0.64  < 0.001 0.61–0.67 0.64  < 0.001 0.61–0.68
2018 0.62  < 0.001 0.59–0.65 0.59  < 0.001 0.56–0.62
2019 0.58  < 0.001 0.55–0.60 0.53  < 0.001 0.51–0.56
Income < 40% 1 1
level 40–80% 0.73  < 0.001 0.72–0.74 0.93  < 0.001 0.92–0.95
 > 80% 0.67  < 0.001 0.66–0.68 0.84  < 0.001 0.82–0.86
Missing 0.78  < 0.001 0.76–0.79 0.85  < 0.001 0.84–0.87
Age (months) 1.002  < 0.001 1.0019–1.0020 1.0011  < 0.001 1.0010–1.0011