Table 3.

Comparison of the developed method with some similar methods.

Method	Analyte	Sample	LODa	LOQb	LRc	r2d	RSD (%)e	EFf	ER (%)g	Refs.
MCHNME-GC-MSh	Mep	Swimming pool and seawater	0.0861		0.5–500	0.998	7.1	–	–	50
	Etp		0.0346		0.1–500	0.996	6.9
	Prp		0.0238		0.1–500	0.999	5.1
GFA-DLPME-GC-FIDi	Mep	Lidocaine gel, skin tonic, Aloe Vera gel, and mouthwash	1.44	4.8	5–10000	0.999	3.7	–	–	51
	Etp		1.63	5.44	5–10000	0.998	3.8
	Prp		1.15	3.65	5–10,000	0.999	2.46
MIP-SPME-GC-FID j	Mep	Soy samples	0.25	0.82	10–10,000	0.9943	3.93	–	–	52
	Etp		0.22	0.72	10–10,000	0.9992	2.98
	Prp		0.3	0.99	10–10,000	0.9989	3.13
PTFF-SPME-LC-DADk	Mep	Creams and lotions	120	400	500–160,000	0.996	3.3	–	–	53
	Etp		140	470	500–160000	0.992	5.4
	Prp		150	500	500–160,000	0.996	3.4
MMCNMOF-DmµSPE-HPLC-DADl	Mep	Bottled water, tap water, skin cream,	0.15	–	0.5–1500	0.9996	4.4	67.9	38	54
		foot cream and sunblock cream
SPGMN-MSPE-GC-FIDm	Mep	Sunscreen cream, moisturizing cream, and toothpaste	2.8	–	Oct-00	0.99	7.9	190	–	55
	Prp		1.5		May-00	0.997	6.3	289
SALLME-GC-FIDn	Mep	Tap and river water, cream, and lipstick	0.5	–	Feb-00	0.998	8.1	128	51	15
	Etp		1		May-00	0.997	7.6	137	55
	Prp		0.5		Feb-00	0.996	7.8	147	59
DLLME-GC-FIDo	Mep	Lotion, mouthwash, and toilet water	15	–	0.02–10.0	0.9997	3.3	87	–	56
	Etp		4.8		0.025–5.0	0.9986	5.2	178
	Prp		6.3		0.025–5.0	0.9996	4.2	187
RDSE-GC-MSp	Mep	Tap water	0.02	0.06	–	0.998	2.5	–	79.5	57
	Etp		0.02	0.08		0.999	2.8		82.1
	Prp		0.04	0.12		0.998	9.7		82.1
SBSE-GC-MSq	Mep	Tap water and wastewater	0.00186	0.00617	–	0.9999	5.9	–	–	58
DES-VALLME-HPLC-UV r	Mep	Mouthwash	6.1	20.3	10–25,000	0.999	1.41	–	–	59
	Etp		5.3	17.6	10–25,000	0.999	1.22
	Prp		4.6	15.3	10–25,000	0.999	0.7
EAE-HPLC-UVs	Mep	Pharmaceuticals	25.7	51.4	50–510	0.999	1.5	–	–	60
	Etp		25.2	50.4	50–500	0.999	0.5
	Prp		25.9	51.8	50–520	0.999	0.5
DµSPE-DLLME-GC-FIDt	Mep	Mouthwash and hydrating gel	80	265	265–30,000	0.996	4	200	40	Present method
	Etp		31	106	106–30,000	0.999	3.5	325	65
	Prp		76	255	255–30,000	0.999	3.7	330	66

^aLimit of detection (µg L⁻¹).

^bLimit of quantification (µg L⁻¹).

^cLinear range (µg L⁻¹).

^dCoefficient of determination.

^eRelative standard deviation.

^fEnrichment factor.

^gExtraction recovery.

^hMagnetically confined hydrophobic nanoparticles microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

ⁱGas flow-assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector.

^jMolecularly imprinted polymer-based solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector.

^kPoly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate thin film fibers-based solid phase microextraction-liquid chromatography-diode array detector.

^lMagnetite multiwalled carbon nanotubes/metal–organic framework-based dispersive magnetic micro solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector.

^mSelf-doped polyaniline immobilized on the graphene-modified magnetite nanoparticles-based magnetic solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector.

ⁿSyringe-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector.

^oDispersive liquid–liquid microextraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector.

^pRotating disk sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

^qStir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

^rDeep eutectic solvent-based vortex assisted liquid–liquid microextraction-high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector.

^sEffervescence-assisted extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector.

^tDispersive micro solid phase extraction-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector.