. 2023 Dec 2;13:21307. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-48293-0

Table 3.

Means and standard errors for egg-related traits in LS and NS strains of Japanese quail and their F₁ and F₂ hybrids.

Traits	LS (n = 50)	NS (n = 50)	F₁ (LS♂ × NS♀) (n = 25)	F₁ (LS♀ × NS♂) (n = 25)	F₂ (LS♂ × NS♀) (n = 138)	F₂ (LS♀ × NS♂) (n = 111)
Egg weight₁ (g)	10.07 ± 0.11^a	8.51 ± 0.11^bc	9.00 ± 0.17^b	9.06 ± 0.15^b	8.62 ± 0.08^b	8.22 ± 0.07^c
Egg long axis₁ (mm)	30.77 ± 0.14^a	29.99 ± 0.18^b	29.80 ± 0.21^b	30.43 ± 0.20^ab	29.75 ± 0.11^b	29.98 ± 0.12^b
Egg short axis₁ (mm)	24.75 ± 0.09^a	23.50 ± 0.10^bc	23.75 ± 0.13^b	23.15 ± 0.10^cd	23.46 ± 0.07^bc	22.83 ± 0.07 ^d
Eggshell strength₁ (kg/cm²)	1.39 ± 0.04^ab	1.52 ± 0.04^a	1.45 ± 0.03^ab	1.35 ± 0.03^bc	1.22 ± 0.02 ^d	1.27 ± 0.02^cd
Eggshell weight₁ (g)	1.17 ± 0.01^a	1.02 ± 0.01^bc	1.08 ± 0.02^b	1.09 ± 0.02^b	0.98 ± 0.01^cd	0.95 ± 0.01 ^d
Egg equator thickness₁ (mm)	0.28 ± 0.00^ab	0.28 ± 0.00^b	0.29 ± 0.00^a	0.29 ± 0.00^ab	0.29 ± 0.00^ab	0.29 ± 0.00^a
Yolk weight₁(g)	3.08 ± 0.05^a	2.90 ± 0.05^ab	2.83 ± 0.05^bcd	2.64 ± 0.06^cd	2.84 ± 0.03^bc	2.67 ± 0.03 ^d
Yolk diameter₁ (mm)	23.78 ± 0.15^ab	23.13 ± 0.21^bc	23.11 ± 0.19^bc	22.55 ± 0.20^c	23.98 ± 0.10^a	23.18 ± 0.11^c
Yolk colour-lightness₁	56.23 ± 0.22^b	56.51 ± 0.29^b	58.32 ± 0.35^a	59.25 ± 0.31^a	55.78 ± 0.14^bc	55.14 ± 0.17^c
Yolk colour-redness₁	9.07 ± 0.27^b	10.53 ± 0.35^a	5.33 ± 0.53^cd	6.59 ± 0.41^c	2.64 ± 0.23 ^e	4.54 ± 0.23 ^d
Yolk colour-yellowness₁	36.52 ± 0.34^bc	36.25 ± 0.36^c	34.34 ± 0.37 ^d	35.60 ± 0.40^cd	38.25 ± 0.21^a	37.57 ± 0.25^ab
Albumen weight₁ (g)	5.48 ± 0.07^a	4.51 ± 0.06^c	4.91 ± 0.09^b	4.43 ± 0.07^c	4.66 ± 0.04^bc	4.53 ± 0.05^c
Egg weight₂ (g)	12.15 ± 0.12^a	9.91 ± 0.12^cd	10.85 ± 0.17^b	11.07 ± 0.14^b	10.06 ± 0.10^c	9.54 ± 0.08 ^d
Egg long axis₂ (mm)	31.96 ± 0.14^ab	31.44 ± 0.17^b	31.66 ± 0.19^ab	31.66 ± 0.21^ab	32.04 ± 0.12^a	32.03 ± 0.12^ab
Egg short axis₂ (mm)	26.18 ± 0.10^a	24.09 ± 0.09 ^d	25.18 ± 0.17^b	25.12 ± 0.10^b	24.57 ± 0.08^c	23.89 ± 0.07 ^d
Eggshell strength₂ (kg/cm²)	1.48 ± 0.05^a	1.52 ± 0.05^a	1.48 ± 0.04^a	1.45 ± 0.02^a	1.21 ± 0.01^b	1.28 ± 0.02^b
Eggshell weight₂ (g)	1.37 ± 0.02^a	1.20 ± 0.02^bc	1.26 ± 0.02^b	1.27 ± 0.02^b	1.15 ± 0.01^c	1.10 ± 0.01 ^d
Egg equator thickness₂ (mm)	0.30 ± 0.00^ab	0.28 ± 0.00^c	0.31 ± 0.00^a	0.30 ± 0.00^ab	0.29 ± 0.00^bc	0.29 ± 0.00^bc
Yolk weight₂(g)	3.77 ± 0.05^a	3.26 ± 0.05^c	3.53 ± 0.06^ab	3.40 ± 0.06^bc	3.70 ± 0.04^a	3.35 ± 0.03^bc
Yolk diameter₂ (mm)	25.16 ± 0.13^b	23.65 ± 0.15 ^d	24.98 ± 0.16^bc	24.27 ± 0.16^cd	26.14 ± 0.11^a	24.90 ± 0.10^bc
Yolk colour-lightness₂	58.46 ± 0.26^bc	58.84 ± 0.29^b	60.42 ± 0.35^a	59.41 ± 0.26^ab	58.60 ± 0.16^b	57.77 ± 0.17^c
Yolk colour-redness₂	8.90 ± 0.26^a	7.92 ± 0.37^ab	6.24 ± 0.51^bc	8.88 ± 0.38^a	3.00 ± 0.26 ^d	4.91 ± 0.20^c
Yolk colour-yellowness₂	41.08 ± 0.36^a	41.23 ± 0.35^a	38.22 ± 0.48^bc	38.94 ± 0.34^b	37.15 ± 0.22^cd	36.37 ± 0.23 ^d
Albumen weight₂ (g)	6.27 ± 0.08^a	5.13 ± 0.07^c	5.71 ± 0.08^b	5.32 ± 0.08^bc	5.37 ± 0.06^bc	5.24 ± 0.05^c
Age at first egg	46.12 ± 0.51^b	44.24 ± 0.92^bc	42.28 ± 0.62^c	40.68 ± 0.62^c	49.01 ± 0.44^a	46.56 ± 0.58^b
Total laid eggs	56.90 ± 1.17^bc	57.00 ± 1.43^bc	59.24 ± 2.31^ab	66.24 ± 0.99^a	47.82 ± 0.78 ^d	52.70 ± 1.15^c
Egg production rate	0.86 ± 0.02^ab	0.84 ± 0.02^b	0.85 ± 0.03^ab	0.93 ± 0.01^a	0.76 ± 0.01^c	0.80 ± 0.01^bc

^a–eMeans with different superscript letters show the significantly different in all individuals (Tukey’s HSD test, P < 0.05).

_1,2Subscript letters are first and second egg laying stages.

The data of LS, NS, F₁ (LS♂ ✕ NS♀), and F₂ (LS♂ ✕ NS♀) are the same as those in our previous paper¹⁷.