Table 3.
Summary of key findings and comparison of temperature measurement in oral cavity.
| References | Key findings | Comparison with previous studies | Novelty in the presented research |
|---|---|---|---|
| Volchansky38 | Average temperature of the healthy oral mucosa was discovered to be 5 °C lower than the temperature of the underlying bone | The temperature was measured using both digital thermometers and fine thermocouples, with the latter being calibrated against precise mercury thermometers to guarantee accuracy |
Temperature sensor integrated into the device for oral use Ability to measure temperature in different areas of the oral cavity |
| Mackowiak44 |
37.0 °C (98.6 °F) and 36.8 °C (98.2°F) are within the range of normal oral temperatures for healthy adults The “normal” oral temperature is a range of temperatures throughout the day |
Determination of the average range Defining the “normal temperature |
The possibility of the continuous monitoring Wearability Possibility of liquid delivery |
| Van den Bruel45 | Mean difference between Tempa Dot and mercury thermometer: 0.04 °C—Sensitivity and specificity for Tempa Dot: 79.0% |
Comparison with mercury thermometer The use of thermometer orally and rectally |
The use of calibrated sensors with extended and modified wide intraoral modification Possibilities of data collection |
| Ruan42 | Measured temperature coefficient: 0.2375 nm/℃—Temperature resolution: < 0.1℃ | Proper long-period fiber grating (LPFG) design—Coating LPFG with temperature-sensitive thin film | Proof of concept for intraoral diagnostic platform that combines intraoral drug delivery |
| Maity et al.46 | The design involves a spatiotemporal sensing arrangement using graphene-ink printed layers on cellulose networks for real-time molecular analysis in biomedical applications |
Spatiotemporal nano-/micro-structural arrangement enables real-time molecular analysis Hierarchically stacked geometrical configuration provides mass spectrogram |
Use of nonspecific biomarkers for health monitoring (temperature and humidity) Integration of microfluidics, sensing, drug delivery and intraoral therapeutical devices |
| Chen47 | Humidity sensors in medicine are used in respiratory equipment, sterilizers, incubators, pharmaceutical processing, and biological products |
Capacitive structures with porous humidity-sensing materials Hybrid dielectric materials with atomic layer deposition |
Sensor integrated within intraoral device Connection of the sensor and activation of the liquid delivery |