Table 1.
Relative risk of 5-year graft failure in the univariate analysis.
| Variables | Group A | Group B | RR | 95% CI | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recipient | Age/year (mean) | 33.4 | 32 | 0.986 | 0.955–1.017 | NS | |
| Gender (%) | Male | 66.2 | 67.4 | 1 | – | – | |
| Female | 33.8 | 32.6 | 0.948 | 0.493–1.823 | NS | ||
| Hypertension (%) | No | 39.9 | 32.6 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 60.1 | 67.4 | 1.371 | 0.715–2.631 | NS | ||
| Diabetes (%) | No | 94.7 | 97.8 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 5.3 | 2.2 | 0.275 | 0.036–2.072 | NS | ||
| Viral hepatits B (%) | Negative | 97 | 93.5 | 1 | – | – | |
| Positive | 3 | 6.5 | 2.220 | 0.596–8.271 | NS | ||
| Viral hepatits C (%) | Negative | 85.2 | 86.5 | 1 | – | – | |
| Positive | 14.8 | 13.5 | 0.899 | 0.331–2.443 | NS | ||
| Nephropathy (%) | Vascular | 8 | 6 | 1 | – | – | |
| Glomerular | 41.3 | 43.5 | 0.649 | 0.240–1.755 | NS | ||
| Tubulo-interstitial | 21.6 | 15.2 | 0.434 | 0.135–1.399 | NS | ||
| Hereditary | 5.8 | 2.2 | 0.230 | 0.026–2.057 | NS | ||
| Undetermined | 23.3 | 26.1 | 0.690 | 0.238–2.007 | NS | ||
| Dialysis modality (%) | PD | 19.4 | 10.9 | 1 | – | – | |
| HD | 74.5 | 87 | 2.082 | 0.792–5.471 | NS | ||
| Dialysis duration/year (Mean) | 3.5 | 3.7 | 1.001 | 0.994–1.009 | NS | ||
| Transfusion (%) | No | 38.2 | 26.1 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 61.8 | 73.9 | 1.753 | 0.878–3.501 | NS | ||
| Cytotoxic antibodies (%) | Negative | 85.9 | 82.6 | 1 | – | – | |
| Positive | 14.1 | 17.4 | 1.280 | 0.565–2.899 | NS | ||
| Total HLA MM (%) | 0 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 1 | – | – | |
| 1–2 | 33.5 | 32.6 | 0.868 | 0.360–2.094 | NS | ||
| ≥ 3 | 49 | 47.8 | 0.870 | 0.380–1.990 | NS | ||
| HLA- MM A (%) | 0 MM | 34.9 | 32.5 | 1 | – | – | |
| 1 MM | 56.2 | 47.8 | 1.111 | 0.564–2.190 | NS | ||
| 2 MM | 14.4 | 15.2 | 1.096 | 0.401–2.994 | NS | ||
| HLA-MM B (%) | 0 MM | 29.4 | 36.9 | 1 | – | – | |
| 1 MM | 56.2 | 47.8 | 0.676 | 0.344–1.327 | NS | ||
| 2 MM | 14.4 | 15.2 | 0.839 | 0.328–2.150 | NS | ||
| HLA-MM DR (%) | 0 MM | 40.4 | 43.5 | 1 | – | – | |
| 1 MM | 50.7 | 47.8 | 0.878 | 0.461–1.670 | NS | ||
| 2 MM | 8.9 | 8.7 | 0.913 | 0.292–2.852 | NS | ||
| Donor | Age/year (mean) | 40.1 | 43.5 | 1.022 | 0.997–1.048 | NS | |
| Age (%) | < 45 years | 63.2 | 43.5 | 1 | – | – | |
| ≥ 45 years | 36.8 | 56.5 | 2.229 | 1.198–4.147 | < 0.02 | ||
| Gender (%) | Male | 52.9 | 50 | 1 | – | – | |
| Female | 47.1 | 50 | 0.890 | 0.482–1.644 | NS | ||
|
Gender match (%) Donor → recipient |
M → M | 30.5 | 28.3 | 1 | – | – | |
| F → F | 16.9 | 10.9 | 0.694 | 0.236–2.038 | NS | ||
| F → M | 35.5 | 36.9 | 1.124 | 0.523–2.417 | NS | ||
| M → F | 17.1 | 23.9 | 1.501 | 0.635–3.552 | NS | ||
| Donor type (%) | Living | 84.8 | 82.6 | 1 | – | – | |
| Deceased | 15.2 | 17.4 | 1.171 | 0.519–2.645 | NS | ||
| Procedure | Cold ischemia/hour (mean) | 21.8 | 21.4 | 0.981 | 0.856–1.124 | NS | |
| Cold ischemia (%) | < 20 h | 36.4 | 25 | 1 | – | – | |
| ≥ 20 h | 63.6 | 75 | 0.880 | 0.189–4.085 | NS | ||
| Warm ischemia/min (mean) | 38.2 | 40.2 | 1.018 | 0.990–1.046 | NS | ||
| Warm ischemia (%) | < 30 min | 18.6 | 17.4 | 1 | – | – | |
| ≥ 30 min | 81.4 | 82.6 | 1.082 | 0.483–2.427 | NS | ||
| Immunosuppressive treatment | Induction (%) | Yes | 88.9 | 91.3 | 1 | – | – |
| No | 11.1 | 8.7 | 0.993 | 0.870–2.662 | NS | ||
| Polyclonal anti-lymphocyte (%) | No | 20.5 | 19.6 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 79.5 | 80.4 | 1.060 | 0.490–2.294 | NS | ||
| Anti-CD3 (%) | No | 99.2 | 93.5 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 0.8 | 6.5 | 8.326 | 1.629–42.547 | < 0.02 | ||
| Anti-CD25 (%) | No | 91.4 | 95.7 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 8.6 | 4.3 | 0.467 | 0.108–2.018 | NS | ||
| Cyclosporine A (%) | No | 43.8 | 54.3 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 56.2 | 45.7 | 0.654 | 0.353–1.211 | NS | ||
| Tacrolimus (%) | No | 65.7 | 60.9 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 34.3 | 39.1 | 1.229 | 0.654–2.309 | NS | ||
| Azathioprine (%) | No | 63.4 | 47.8 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 36.6 | 52.2 | 1.893 | 1.021–3.507 | < 0.05 | ||
| MMF (%) | No | 20.8 | 47.8 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 79.2 | 52.2 | 0.286 | 0.152–0.538 | < 0.001 | ||
| Post-KT | Length of 1st hospitalization/day (mean) | 36.4 | 42.3 | 1.009 | 0.998–1.020 | NS | |
| 3-month eGFR ml/min (mean) | 71 | 56.7 | 0.977 | 0.963–0.990 | 0.001 | ||
| Number of 1st year readmissions (%) | < 3 | 87.3 | 73.9 | 1 | – | – | |
| ≥ 3 | 12.7 | 26.1 | 2.417 | 1.168–5.001 | < 0.02 | ||
| Delayed graft function (%) | No | 88.7 | 73.9 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 11.3 | 26.1 | 2.755 | 1.322–5.739 | 0.007 | ||
| Acute kidney injury (%) | No | 64.8 | 34.8 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 35.2 | 65.2 | 3.455 | 1.814–6.578 | < 0.001 | ||
| Acute rejection (%) | No | 78.4 | 58.7 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 21.6 | 41.3 | 2.553 | 1.349–4.833 | < 0.005 | ||
| Infections (%) | No | 25.8 | 13 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 74.2 | 87 | 2.313 | 0.950–5.633 | NS | ||
| Urinary tract infection (%) | No | 60.7 | 58.7 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 39.3 | 41.3 | 1.085 | 0.582–1.025 | NS | ||
| CMV infection (%) | No | 80.3 | 69.6 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 19.7 | 30.4 | 1.787 | 0.906–3.526 | NS | ||
| Surgical complication (%) | No | 82 | 80.4 | 1 | – | – | |
| Yes | 18 | 19.6 | 1.108 | 0.510–2.408 | NS | ||
MMF mycophenolate mofetil, HLA human leucocyte antigen, MM mismatch, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CMV cytomegalovirus, NS not significant, KT kidney transplantation.