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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol. 2023 Jul 26;47:100602. doi: 10.1016/j.sste.2023.100602

Table A2.

Interrupted Time Series Models of Firearm Assault+Unintentional Injuries

Firearm Assault+Unintentional Injuries
Rate per 100,000
AR(1) TSR AR(1) TSR RE HLM RE HLM RE HLM +Int.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
T 0.002 −0.002 0.005 0.004 0.003
(0.0001|0.003) (−0.005|0.001) (0.001|0.009) (0.0001|0.008) (−0.001|0.008)
COVID - State of Emergency −0.608 −0.464 −0.178 −0.022 0.039
(−1.486|0.270) (−1.380|0.452) (−2.343|1.987) (−2.190|2.146) (−2.269|2.347)
COVID - Stay at Home 0.445 0.451 −0.726 −0.844 −0.877
(−0.464|1.354) (−0.490|1.393) (−2.962|1.509) (−3.080|1.392) (−3.249|1.496)
Post-Killing 3.394 3.341 3.606 3.493 1.812
(2.443|4.345) (2.337|4.344) (1.323|5.890) (1.208|5.778) (−0.774|4.397)
T Post-Killing −0.097 −0.092 −0.160 −0.156 −0.163
(−0.128|−0.065) (−0.127|−0.057) (−0.235|−0.085) (−0.232|−0.081) (−0.242|−0.084)
MPD Use of Force t-1 −0.083 −0.186 −0.169
(−2.252|2.086) (−0.272|−0.100) (−0.255|−0.082)
MPD Stops t-1 −0.265 0.022 0.042
(−0.649|0.118) (−0.011|0.054) (0.005|0.079)
MPD OIS t-1 −10.263 −3.256 −2.942
(−73.259|52.733) (−20.666|14.155) (−20.784|14.900)
AR(1) 0.045 −0.038
(−0.075|0.165) (−0.173|0.096)
Median HH Income 0.00000
(−0.00003|0.00004)
Percent Black 0.055
(−0.003|0.113)
Post-Killing X Percent Black 0.100
(0.052|0.148)
Constant 0.411 1.290 −0.280 −0.236 −1.599
(−0.787|1.609) (−0.483|3.063) (−3.369|2.809) (−3.340|2.868) (−5.960|2.762)
SD(ZCTA) 1.779 1.916 1.449
SD(Residual) 8.493 8.494 8.704
Observations 260 217 5,770 5,748 5,460
R2 0.491 0.513
Log Likelihood −20,564.490 −20,488.920 −19,603.880
Akaike Inf. Crit. 41,154.970 41,009.850 39,245.770
Bayesian Inf. Crit. 41,241.560 41,116.350 39,371.270
Residual Std. Error 0.721 (df = 248) 0.742 (df = 202)
F Statistic 21.786*** (df = 11; 248) 15.216*** (df = 14; 202)
Models include controls for seasonality. 95% Confidence Intervals in parentheses