Table 1.
Azole resistance rates in clinical A. fumigatus isolates in recent surveillance studies.
| Continent | Country; Years |
Prevalencea | Characteristicsb | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | Denmark; 2018–2020 | 6.1 % (66/1083) | National surveillance TR34 (39/66; 59 %) | Risum et al., 2022 |
| Belgium; 2016–2020 | 7.1 % (85/1192) | Single center TR34 (74/78; 95 %) | Resendiz-Sharpe et al., 2021 | |
| Netherlands; 2018–2021 | 9.2 % (567/6134) | Multicenter (10 centers) TR34 (392/660; 59 %); TR46 (132/660; 20 %) | https://swab.nl/nl/nethmap | |
| Turkey; 2018–2019 | 3.3 % (13/392) | Multicenter (21 centers) TR34 (9/19; 47 %) | Ener et al., 2022 | |
| France; 2017 | 2.1 % (4/195) | Single center No TR resistance mechanisms | Simon et al., 2021 | |
| Switzerland; 2018–2019 | 1.4 % (3/365) | Multicenter (7 centers) TR34 (3/3; 100 %) | Ragozzino et al., 2021 | |
| Italy; 2016–2018 | 6.6 % (19/286) | Multicenter, isolate denominator TR34 (12/19; 63 %) | Prigitano et al., 2021 | |
| Spain; 2019 | 4.7 % (34/725) | Multicenter TR34 (19/34; 56 %); TR46 (1/34; 3 %) | Escribano et al., 2021 | |
| Americas | USA; 2015–2020 | 3.5 % (73/2072) | Multicenter, isolate denominator TR34 (7/73; 10 %); TR46 (7/73; 10 %) | Badali et al., 2022 |
| Martinique; 2014–2018 | 11.4 % (4/35) | Single center, isolate denominator TR34 (1/4; 25 %) | Monpierre et al., 2021 | |
| Asia | China; 2019–2020 | 4.1 % (3/73) | Single center, patients with IA. TR46 (2/3; 67 %) | Wang et al., 2022 |
| China; 2009–2019 | 4.3 % (19/445) | Single center TR34 (4/19; 21 %); TR46 (3/19; 16 %) | Yang et al., 2021 | |
| China; 2016–2018 | 7.0 % (4/57) | Two hospitals TR46 (1/4; 25 %) | Xu et al., 2020 | |
| Taiwan; 2015–2020 | 1.8 % (2/113) | Single center TR34/L98H (2/2; 100 %) | Hsu et al., 2022 |
a
Number of patients with a positive A. fumigatus is used as denominator, unless stated otherwise.
b
TR34 and TR46 refer to the genetic background of the resistance mutations. IA, invasive aspergillosis.