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. 2023 Sep 21;41(12):1754–1813. doi: 10.1177/0734242X231178025

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© The Author(s) 2023

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 8. — Quantitative Wasteaware Benchmark Indicators (WABI) for selected cities, showing (a) collection coverage, (b) controlled recovery and disposal, and (c) recycling rates.

Indicators are plotted against income level of the country (gross national income (Atlas method) per capita) on a logarithmic scale. Plots cover the 39 cities for which data were available in May 2014. Selection of the cities may favour those with better performance; also performance is lower in rural areas; so it is expected that these cities outperform the national average. However, they do illustrate that substantial progress had been made.

Data source: Wasteaware – University of Leeds. Figures prepared for UNEP and ISWA (2015). Wasteaware Benchmark Indicators: (Wilson et al., 2015a). An updated analysis relating this data set to a wide range of socio-economic indicators is available (Velis et al., 2023).