Table 2.
Changes in Key Health Outcomes from Baseline to Follow-Up
| Outcome (range) | Intervention group | Control group | Between group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Baseline M [95% CI] | Follow-up M [95% CI] | d | n | Baseline M [95% CI] | Follow-up M [95% CI] | d | d | |
| Mean ADL limitations scorea (8–32) | 27 | 17.07 [14.34, 19.80] | 14.67 [12.63, 16.70] | −.39* | 30 | 14.47 [12.58, 16.35] | 13.17 [11.52, 14.80] | −.28* | .25 |
| Mean IADL limitations scorea (8–36) | 27 | 18.44 [15.09, 21.80] | 15.96 [13.30, 18.63] | −.32* | 30 | 15.07 [12.8, 17.33] | 15.17 [12.82, 17.50] | .02 | .50* |
| Mean PHQ depression scorea (0–24) | 27 | 11.78 [8.75, 14.81] | 8.93 [6.11, 11.75] | −.47* | 30 | 9.23 [7.49, 10.98] | 9.47 [7.26, 11.68] | .05 | .61* |
| Mean quality of lifeb (1–11) | 27 | 6.48 [5.21, 7.75] | 7.71 [6.32, 9.09] | .37* | 28 | 6.46 [5.42, 7.51] | 6.68 [5.52, 7.84] | .07 | .34 |
| Mean falls efficacyb (10–100) | 27 | 64.59 [53.39, 75.80] | 69.78 [60.47, 79.09] | .20 | 30 | 74.73 [66.16, 83.31] | 73.8 [65.05, 82.55] | −.02 | .30 |
| Pain interference w/usual activitiesa (0–10) | 27 | 6.26 [4.82, 7.70] | 6.28 [5.04, 7.53] | .01 | 30 | 5.8 [4.54, 7.06] | 5.44 [4.10, 6.79] | −.08 | .17 |
| Self-rated quality of healtha (0–5) | 27 | 3.44 [2.99, 3.90] | 3.44 [2.99, 3.90] | .00 | 30 | 3.97 [3.65, 4.28] | 3.67 [3.31, 4.02] | −.49 | .38 |
| Proportion of people w/ falls in past 6 months | 27 | -- | 0.52 [0.32, 0.72] | -- | 30 | -- | 0.63 [0.45, 0.82] | -- | .23 |
| Number of falls in the past year or 6 months (1–50) | 27 | -- | 1.22 [0.35, 2.10] | -- | 29 | -- | 2.67 [1.06, 4.28] | -- | .42 |
| Proportion of people w/ ER visits in past 6 months | 26 | -- | 0.35 [0.15, 0.54] | -- | 29 | -- | 0.35 [0.16, 0.53] | -- | .00 |
| Number of ER visits in past 6 months (0–8) | 26 | -- | 0.85 [0.18, 1.51] | -- | 29 | -- | 0.90 [0.19, 1.60] | -- | .03 |
| Proportion of people w/ hospitalizations in past 6 months | 26 | -- | 0.23 [0.06, 0.40] | -- | 29 | -- | 0.21 [0.05, 0.36] | -- | .06 |
| Number of hospitalizations in past 6 months (0–30) | 26 | -- | 1.77 [−0.66, 4.19] | -- | 29 | -- | 0.31 [0.06, 0.56] | -- | .35 |
Note. CI = confidence interval; ADL = activities of daily living; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living.
a
Negative change = improvement.
b
Positive change = worsening. d = Cohen’s d
c
A paired t-test was used to test the hypothesis that the mean changed from baseline to follow-up.
d
A two-sample t-test was used to test the hypothesis that mean changes were different in the intervention and control groups.
*
Indicates p<0.05.