Table 3.
Clinical Parameters and Their Associations with Symptoms of Depression - A Linear Regression Model with PHQ-9 as Dependent Variable (Range 0–27)
| Dependent Variable: PHQ-9 Score (Range 1–27) | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Variables | Regression Coefficient (SE) | p-value | Regression Coefficient (SE) | p-value |
| Age | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.521 | ||
| Sex (female vs male) | 0.20 (0.39) | 0.610 | ||
| BMI | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.517 | ||
| FEV1% predicted | −0.06 (0.01) | < 0.001 | ||
| Exacerbations last 12 months | 1.35 (0.19) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (0.17) | < 0.001 |
| Arterial hypertension | 0.53 (0.38) | 0.158 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.70 (0.51) | 0.169 | ||
| Heart disease | 1.71 (0.50) | < 0.001 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 0.54 (0.59) | 0.356 | ||
| SGRQ-C - total | 0.14 (0.01) | < 0.001 | ||
| SGRQ-C - impact | 0.14 (0.01) | < 0.001 | ||
| SGRQ-C - symptoms | 0.09 (0.01) | < 0.001 | ||
| SGRQ-C - Activity | 0.08 (0.01) | < 0.001 | ||
| Cough | 1.36 (0.37) | < 0.001 | ||
| Phlegm | 1.65 (0.37) | < 0.001 | ||
| Dyspnea | 3.12 (0.45) | < 0.001 | 2.17 (0.45) | < 0.001 |
| Pain (1–10) | 0.80 (0.10) | < 0.001 | 0.61 (0.10) | < 0.001 |
| Activity per week (1–10) | −0.73 (0.10) | < 0.001 | ||