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. 2023 Nov 29;17:3107–3118. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S437013

Table 3.

Other Comorbidities Characteristics of the Study Participants

Variable Category The 4-Item Morisky, Green, and Levine -Medication Assessment Questionnaire (MGL-MAG) P value*
High Adherence (n= 296) Moderate Adherence (n= 170) Low Adherence (n= 40)
N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%)
Dyslipidemia YES 329 (65.0) 206 (62.6) 108 (32.8) 15 (4.6) <0.001
NO 177 (35.0) 90 (50.8) 62 (35.0) 25 (14.1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis YES 62 (12.3) 37 (59.7) 21 (33.9) 4 (6.5) 0.902
NO 444 (87.7) 259 (58.3) 149 (33.6) 36 (8.1)
Gout YES 53 (10.5) 37 (69.8) 15 (28.3) 1 (1.9) 0.106
NO 453 (89.5) 259 (57.2) 155 (34.2) 39 (8.6)
Thyroid Dysfunction YES 51 (10.1) 28 (54.9) 19 (37.3) 4 (7.8) 0.893
NO 454 (89.7) 267 (58.8) 151 (33.3) 36 (7.9)
Benign Prosthetic Hyperplasia (BPH) YES 46 (9.1) 26 (56.5) 18 (39.1) 2 (4.3) 0.521
NO 460 (90.9) 270 (58.7) 152 (33.0) 38 (8.3)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) YES 39 (7.7) 21 (53.8) 13 (33.3) 5 (12.8) 0.485
NO 467 (92.3) 275 (58.9) 157 (33.6) 35 (7.5)
Asthma YES 36 (7.1) 25 (69.4) 8 (22.2) 3 (8.3) 0.318
NO 470 (92.9) 271 (57.7) 162 (34.5) 37 (7.9)
Cancer YES 22 (4.3) 18 (81.8) 4 (18.2) 0 (0.0) 0.062
NO 484 (95.7) 278 (57.4) 166 (34.3) 40 (8.3)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) YES 13 (2.6) 10 (76.9) 1 (7.7) 2 (15.4) 0.112
NO 493 (97.4) 286 (58.0) 169 (34.3) 38 (7.7)
Liver disease YES 10 (2.0) 5 (50.0) 2 (20.0) 3 (30.0) 0.031
NO 496 (98.0) 291 (58.7) 168 (33.9) 37 (7.5)
Irritable Bowel Disease YES 9 (1.8) 9 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.039
NO 497 (98.2) 287 (57.7) 170 (34.2) 40 (8.0)
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) YES 8 (1.6) 6 (75.0) 1 (12.5) 1 (12.5) 0.434
NO 498 (98.4) 290 (58.2) 169 (33.9) 39 (7.8)
CNS disorders** YES 8 (1.6) 5 (62.5) 2 (25.0) 1 (12.5) 0.812
NO 498 (98.4) 291 (58.4) 168 (33.7) 39 (7.8)
Neuropathy YES 7 (1.4) 5 (71.4) 2 (28.6) 0 (0.0) 0.665
NO 499 (98.6) 291 (58.3) 168 (33.7) 40 (8.0)
Glaucoma YES 3 (0.6) 2 (66.7) 1 (33.3) 0 (0.0) 0.873
NO 503 (99.4) 294 (58.4) 169 (33.6) 40 (8.0)
Lymphoma YES 2 (0.4) 2 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.491
NO 504 (99.6) 294 (58.3) 170 (33.7) 40 (7.9)
Leukemia YES 1 (0.2) 1 (100.00) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.701
NO 505 (99.8) 295 (58.4) 170 (33.7) 40 (7.9)
OTHERS*** YES 4 (0.8) 2 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.708
NO 502 (99.2) 294 (58.6) 168 (33.5) 40 (8.0)
CCI Mean (SD)
Median (IQR)
3.91 (1.00)
4 (3–4)
3.95 (0.98)
4 (3–4)
3.89 (1.07)
4 (3–4)
3.77 (0.89)
4 (3–4)
0.410

Notes: *Statistically significance was set at P <0.05. **CNS disorders: Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Epilepsy, Depression. ***Other diseases: Urinary incontinence, Erectile dysfunction, Sleep apnea.

Abbreviation: CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index.