Table 2.
Comparison of dietary intake of nutrients among the case and control groups
| Cases (n=160) Mean±SD |
Controls (n=320) Mean±SD |
P value | |
| Calorie (kcal/day) | 2493.39±176.02 | 2568.76±404.48 | 0.03 |
| Protein (g/day) | 85.77±9.17 | 85.4±19.85 | 0.83 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 354.28±33.72 | 368.89±51.49 | 0.03 |
| Fat (g/day) | 88.90±10.62 | 90.15±20.15 | 0.31 |
| Cholesterol (g/day) | 273.07±53.63 | 257.17±61.12 | 0.02 |
| SFA (g/day) | 31.68±6.05 | 31.19±10.04 | 0.59 |
| MUFA (g/day) | 28.17±4.83 | 28.79±6.38 | 0.31 |
| PUFA (g/day) | 15.41±4.44 | 16.54±4.20 | 0.01 |
| Oleic acid (g/day) | 8.21±5.46 | 5.59±3.17 | 0.001 |
| Linolenic acid (g/day) | 0.83±0.80 | 0.99±0.73 | 0.052 |
| Linoleic acid (g/day) | 7.02±4.08 | 6.03±3.44 | 0.08 |
| EPA (g/day) | 0.26±0.25 | 0.28±0.26 | 0.30 |
| DHA (g/day) | 0.68±0.56 | 0.63±0.59 | 0.42 |
| Fibre (g/day) | 23.77±4.86 | 26.01±6.17 | 0.001 |
| Soluble fibre (g/day) | 0.99±0.65 | 1.08±0.79 | 0.23 |
| Insoluble fibre (g/day) | 5.08±1.80 | 5.28±2.31 | 0.38 |
| Crude fibre (g/day) | 9.08±2.42 | 9.85±3.44 | 0.01 |
| Sugar (g/day) | 116.06±20.64 | 126.79±31.57 | 0.001 |
| Iron (mg/day) | 18.71±3.19 | 18.62±2.88 | 0.77 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 1206.96±118.71 | 1230.07±498.98 | 0.59 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 332.03±42.90 | 348.88±73.66 | 0.01 |
| Phosphors (mg/day) | 1396.36±172.87 | 1412.65±461.03 | 0.68 |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 10.75±2.44 | 10.59±3.43 | 0.64 |
| Copper (mg/day) | 1.56±0.66 | 1.68±0.69 | 0.11 |
| Manganese (mg/day) | 4.83±1.74 | 5.24±1.09 | 0.003 |
| Selenium (mg/day) | 51.54±25.96 | 68.70±20.13 | 0.001 |
| Fluoride (mg/day) | 1583.32±9773.24 | 10820.81±3431.17 | 0.001 |
| Chromium (μg/day) | 0.12±0.17 | 0.99±0.15 | 0.15 |
| Molybdenum (μg/day) | 50.89±9.35 | 50.75±4.70 | 0.87 |
| Sodium (mg/day) | 6355.03±1523.70 | 6085.03±1059.26 | 0.03 |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 3921.24±389.23 | 3990.76±886.81 | 0.28 |
| Vitamin A (μg/day) | 691.08±158.84 | 842.47±288.87 | 0.001 |
| Beta-carotene (μg/day) | 2076.30±591.56 | 2468.07±936.27 | 0.001 |
| Vitamin E (mg/day) | 10.15±4.16 | 13.10±5.33 | 0.001 |
| Alpha-tocopherol (mg/day) | 9.14±5.02 | 9.06±3.74 | 0.20 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/day) | 2±0.86 | 2.19±0.84 | 0.03 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg/day) | 2023±0.99 | 2.34±1.18 | 0.33 |
| Vitamin B3 (mg/day) | 21.44±2.53 | 21.75±3.14 | 0.32 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/day) | 1.93±0.80 | 1.92±0.84 | 0.88 |
| Folate (μg/day) | 516.45±96.59 | 571.05±80.31 | 0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 (mg/day) | 4.47±1.9 | 4.27±2.56 | 0.40 |
| Pentatonic acid (mg/day) | 5.51±1.77 | 5.36±1.93 | 0.43 |
| Biotin (μg/day) | 26.90±4.58 | 28.76±8.04 | 0.002 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 145.16±21.75 | 150.97±56.75 | 0.24 |
| Vitamin D (mg/day) | 1.04±0.82 | 1.01±1.77 | 0.17 |
| Vitamin K (mg/day) | 161.73±48 | 144.01±26.35 | 0.001 |
DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid.