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Signaling pathways in acute myeloid leukemia.
Stem cell factor (SCF) binds to the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor, triggering activation of downstream RAS and PI3K. Similarly, the FLT3 ligand (FLT3-L) binds to the FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptor and activates RAS and PI3K. RAS cascades into MEK and ERK, resulting in cell proliferation. PI3K activates AKT, which leads to mTOR-driven cell growth. AKT also inhibits FOXO and other pro-apoptotic proteins, leading to cell survival.
