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T cells, in the high-uric acid environment, show increased expression of inflammatory factors due to the direct stimulation of T-cell receptors like CD38 by sUA and MSU. Additionally, DC cells and macrophages can activate T cells through CD80 and CD86 receptors. The high-uric acid environment also leads to dysregulation of T-cell populations, including Th1/Th2, Th17/Treg, MAIT, and CTL.
