Table 4.
Growth phenotypic features of species in the genus of Acidithiobacillus.
| A. ferrooxidans (Janiczek et al., 2007; Beard et al., 2011; Hedrich and Johnson, 2013b; Zhan et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2020) | A. ferrivorans (Hedrich and Johnson, 2013a,b; Zhao et al., 2021) | A. ferridurans (Hedrich and Johnson, 2013a; Miyauchi et al., 2018) | A. ferriphilus (Falagán and Johnson, 2016) | A. ferrianus (Norris et al., 2020) | A. sulfuriphilus (Falagan et al., 2019) | A. thiooxidans (Bryant et al., 1983; Johnson, 1998; Valdes et al., 2011; Yin et al., 2014; Falagán and Johnson, 2016; Moya-Beltran et al., 2021) | A. caldus (Valdes et al., 2009; Tapia et al., 2012; Moya-Beltran et al., 2021) | A. Ameehan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gram stain | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Cell size (μm) | 1.0 × 0.5 | 2.4 × 0.5 | 1.0–2.0 | 1.0–2.0 | 1.2–2.5 | 1.5–2.5 | 1.0–2.0 | 1.2–1.9 | 1.0–2.0 |
| Motility | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Growth pH (Optimum) | 1.3–4.5 (2.0–2.5) | 1.9–3.4 (2.5) | 1.4–3.0 (2.1) | 1.5 (2.0) | 1.7–3.5 (1.7–2.0) | 1.8–7.0 (3.0) | 0.5–5.5 (2.0–3.0) | 0.5–6.0 (2.0–4.0) | 1.0–8.0 (2.0–8.0) |
| Growth T (°C) (Optimum) | 10–37 (30–35) | 4–37 (28–33) | 10–37 (29) | 5–33 (30) | 28–32 (20–32) | 4–45 (25–28) | 18–37 (28–30) | 10–52 (25–45) | 15–45 (37–45) |
| Oxidation of sulfur | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Oxidation of S4O62− | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Oxidation of S2O32− | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − |
| Oxidation of Fe2+ | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − |
| Growth on sulfide minerals | + | + | + | + | + | NR | − | − | − |
| Anaerobic growth with Fe3+ | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − |
| N2 fixation | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | − | − | − |
| Plasmids | No more five | No more Two | No plasmid | No more Two | No plasmid | No plasmid | No plasmid | No more Two | Five plasmids |
| G + C content (%) | 58–59 | 55–56 | 58.4 | 57.4 | 56–59 | 61.5 | 52 | 61.5–64 | 58.6 |
A, Acidithiobacillus; NR, Not report; +, positive; −, negative.