. 2023 Nov 20;14:1287899. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287899

Table 3.

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation on the development of small intestine in layer chicks (14 days of age)¹.

Items²	Control	Saline	LPS	LPS			SEM	p-value
Items²	Control	Saline	LPS	LP	WM	LPM	SEM	p-value
Duodenum
Weight, g	2.37^a	2.33^ab	2.11^b	2.24^ab	2.19^ab	2.35^a	0.03	0.006
Index, %	1.51	1.52	1.40	1.45	1.43	1.47	0.02	0.25
Length, cm	15.33^a	14.94^ab	14.25^b	14.80^ab	14.44^ab	15.01^ab	0.11	0.024
Jejunum
Weight, g	2.32	2.30	2.12	2.25	2.22	2.34	0.03	0.24
Index, %	1.47	1.50	1.41	1.45	1.45	1.47	0.02	0.76
Length, cm	27.47^a	26.28^ab	24.63^b	27.02^a	27.11^a	27.38^a	0.25	0.003
Ileum
Weight, g	1.76^a	1.72^a	1.57^b	1.65^ab	1.62^ab	1.75^a	0.02	0.002
Index, %	1.12	1.12	1.04	1.07	1.05	1.10	0.01	0.13
Length, cm	27.18^a	27.12^ab	26.02^b	26.30^ab	26.05^b	28.20^a	0.22	0.021

¹Data are the mean of 7 replicates with 3 birds each. ²LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; LP, Lactobacillus plantarum; WM, wall material of LPM; LPM, Lactobacillus plantarum in microencapsulation; BW, body weight; ADG, average daily gain; ADFI, average daily feed intake; F/G, feed/gain, g/g. ^a–cValues within a row with no common superscripts differ significantly (p < 0.05).