TABLE 1.
Doses of metformin used in T2DM for lncRNA study.
| Doses/Concentrations in media | Duration | Administration route | Animal/Cell model | Limitations | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In vivo | |||||
| 250 mg/kg/d | 8 weeks | Oral | Mice | No cell experiments or in-depth mechanistic studies | Shu et al. (2021) |
| 3 mg/kg/d | 5 weeks | Oral | Mice | No cell experiments or in-depth mechanistic studies | Guo et al. (2018) |
| 150–300 mg/kg/d | 9 weeks | Oral | Mice | The concentration of metformin used in cell experiments far exceeds the drug concentration that can be achieved in serum after oral administration of metformin | Ma et al. (2020) |
| 250 mg/kg/d | 18 days | Oral | Pregnant mice | The object of study was fetuses | Deng et al. (2017) |
| 200 mg/kg/d | 6 weeks | Oral | Mice | The concentration of metformin used in cell experiments far exceeds the drug concentration that can be achieved in serum after oral administration of metformin | Zhang et al. (2022b) |
| 200 mg/kg/d | 8 weeks | Oral | Mice | No cell experiments related to metformin | Zhou et al. (2020) |
| 1 g/d | 60 days | Oral | Human | No cell experiments or in-depth mechanistic studies | Parvar et al. (2023) |
| In vitro | |||||
| 2 mM | 24 h | Added in medium | Hepatocytes | The concentration of metformin used in cell experiments far exceeds the drug concentration that can be achieved in serum after oral administration of metformin | Ma et al. (2020) |
| 2 mM | 8 h | Added in medium | Hepatocytes | The concentration of metformin used in cell experiments far exceeds the drug concentration that can be achieved in serum after oral administration of metformin | Wang et al. (2018) |
| 2.5–69 mM | Not provided | Added in medium | Hepatocytes (2.5 mM), embryonic stem cells (10–25 mM), and lung/kidney cells (32–69 mM) | The concentration of metformin used in cell experiments far exceeds the drug concentration that can be achieved in serum after oral administration of metformin | Conceicao et al. (2022) |
| 10 µM–100 µM | Not provided | Added in medium | Mouse glomerular membrane epithelial cell lines | No in vivo experiments | Xu et al. (2020b) |
| 0.01–1 mM | 48 h | Added in medium | Hepatocytes | The object of study was fetuses | Deng et al. (2017) |
| 0.1–2 mM | 24 h | Added in medium | Hepatocytes | The concentration of metformin used in cell experiments far exceeds the drug concentration that can be achieved in serum after oral administration of metformin | Zhang et al. (2022b) |
| 0.25–1 mM | 48 h | Added in medium | C2C12 myotubes | No in vivo experiments | Takahashi et al. (2019) |