Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria used in this study.

Criteria	Description
Inclusion criteria	(1) Dogs with previously diagnosed DM or with newly diagnosed DM owing to the suspicion of diabetic cataract at the initial presentation
	(2) Cataractous eyes with the intumescent appearance of being secondary to DM
	(3) Dogs with a follow-up period of at least 2 months from the treatment initiation
Exclusion criteria	(1) Eyes with concurrent ophthalmic diseases including glaucoma, lens instability, retinal detachment, and severe corneal disease at the initial presentation
	(2) Cataracts attributable to other reasons such as progressive retinal atrophy, trauma, uveitis, and senile or genetic causes, based on the results of complete ophthalmic examinations and history taking
	(3) Dogs of owners with poor compliance with administering prescribed ophthalmic solutions
	(4) Eyes with no lens changes or incipient cataract, which did not require surgical intervention or administration of ophthalmic solutions

DM, diabetes mellitus.