Table 2. Dietary zinc intake per food group by age group1),2) .
| Food group | Food group intake (g) | Zinc intake per food group (mg) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Mean ± SE | 95% CL | P1 | P5 | P10 | P25 | P50 | P75 | P90 | P95 | P99 | ||
| Total subjects (n = 2,679) | |||||||||||||
| Grains and its products | 182.0 | 2.22 ± 0.03 | 2.16–2.28 | 0.25 | 0.66 | 0.95 | 1.44 | 2.04 | 2.87 | 3.77 | 4.31 | 5.47 | |
| Potatoes and starch-rich foods | 22.3 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.06–0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.36 | 0.74 | |
| Sugar and sweets | 5.4 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02–0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.43 | |
| Legumes and its products | 29.8 | 0.22 ± 0.01 | 0.20–0.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.60 | 0.86 | 1.89 | |
| Nuts and seeds | 1.8 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.04–0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.69 | |
| Vegetables | 76.7 | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 0.27–0.32 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.22 | 0.39 | 0.60 | 0.81 | 1.36 | |
| Mushrooms | 2.8 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.02–0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.40 | |
| Fruits | 162.2 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.15–0.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0.58 | 1.15 | |
| Meat and its products | 41.0 | 0.84 ± 0.03 | 0.79–0.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.51 | 1.20 | 2.18 | 2.90 | 4.69 | |
| Eggs | 23.7 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.29–0.34 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.46 | 0.91 | 1.18 | 2.01 | |
| Fish and shellfish | 19.7 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.21–0.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.26 | 0.56 | 0.87 | 1.96 | |
| Seaweeds | 3.6 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.04–0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.34 | |
| Milk and dairy products | 264.2 | 1.11 ± 0.03 | 1.04–1.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.84 | 1.48 | 2.18 | 2.80 | 5.26 | |
| Oils and fats | 3.4 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00–0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
| Beverages and alcohol | 28.1 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.03–0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.67 | |
| Seasonings | 11.7 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.07–0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.54 | |
| Processed foods | 0.8 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.00–0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.19 | |
| Total intake | 5.75 ± 0.06 | 5.63–5.87 | 1.60 | 2.56 | 3.05 | 4.10 | 5.41 | 7.02 | 8.73 | 9.92 | 12.01 | ||
| 1–2 yrs (n = 1,097) | |||||||||||||
| Grains and its products | 152.6 | 1.86 ± 0.04 | 1.78–1.95 | 0.07 | 0.44 | 0.69 | 1.17 | 1.67 | 2.43 | 3.22 | 3.87 | 4.84 | |
| Potatoes and starch-rich foods | 20.5 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.05–0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.64 | |
| Sugar and sweets | 3.9 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01–0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.35 | |
| Legumes and its products | 39.8 | 0.22 ± 0.01 | 0.19–0.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.61 | 0.86 | 1.93 | |
| Nuts and seeds | 1.6 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03–0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.61 | |
| Vegetables | 55.8 | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.19–0.22 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.58 | 1.05 | |
| Mushrooms | 2.4 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02–0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.37 | |
| Fruits | 150.0 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.14–0.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.56 | 0.99 | |
| Meat and its products | 30.2 | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 0.57–0.70 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.87 | 1.76 | 2.53 | 3.56 | |
| Eggs | 20.9 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.24–0.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.40 | 0.81 | 1.07 | 1.71 | |
| Fish and shellfish | 15.7 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.17–0.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.51 | 0.76 | 1.78 | |
| Seaweeds | 2.8 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.03–0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.30 | |
| Milk and dairy products | 273.2 | 1.37 ± 0.06 | 1.25–1.49 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.54 | 1.03 | 1.82 | 2.71 | 3.72 | 6.86 | |
| Oils and fats | 2.5 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | |
| Beverages and alcohol | 20.2 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.01–0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.48 | |
| Seasonings | 7.4 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.04–0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.38 | |
| Processed foods | 0.5 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00–0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | |
| Total intake | 5.18 ± 0.09 | 5.01–5.35 | 1.44 | 2.34 | 2.76 | 3.59 | 4.91 | 6.41 | 7.86 | 8.78 | 11.48 | ||
| 3–5 yrs (n = 1,582) | |||||||||||||
| Grains and its products | 202.0 | 2.46 ± 0.03 | 2.39–2.53 | 0.47 | 0.93 | 1.22 | 1.69 | 2.25 | 3.06 | 4.00 | 4.55 | 5.93 | |
| Potatoes and starch-rich foods | 23.5 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.06–0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.37 | 0.81 | |
| Sugar and sweets | 6.5 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.02–0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.45 | |
| Legumes and its products | 23.0 | 0.22 ± 0.01 | 0.20–0.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.58 | 0.85 | 1.73 | |
| Nuts and seeds | 2.0 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.04–0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.70 | |
| Vegetables | 90.9 | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 0.32–0.39 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.45 | 0.69 | 0.93 | 1.59 | |
| Mushrooms | 3.1 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.02–0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.41 | |
| Fruits | 170.4 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.15–0.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.42 | 0.58 | 1.27 | |
| Meat and its products | 48.3 | 0.98 ± 0.03 | 0.92–1.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.64 | 1.42 | 2.33 | 3.20 | 4.83 | |
| Eggs | 25.6 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 0.31–0.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.51 | 0.96 | 1.22 | 2.02 | |
| Fish and shellfish | 22.5 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.22–0.36 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 0.61 | 0.92 | 2.05 | |
| Seaweeds | 4.1 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.05–0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.39 | |
| Milk and dairy products | 258.0 | 0.93 ± 0.03 | 0.88–0.98 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.78 | 1.35 | 1.91 | 2.25 | 3.09 | |
| Oils and fats | 4.0 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.00–0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
| Beverages and alcohol | 33.5 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.04–0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.86 | |
| Seasonings | 14.6 | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 0.09–0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.59 | |
| Processed foods | 1.1 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.00–0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.24 | |
| Total intake | 6.14 ± 0.08 | 5.99–6.30 | 1.80 | 2.86 | 3.38 | 4.53 | 5.88 | 7.56 | 9.19 | 10.40 | 12.12 | ||
CL, confidence limit; P, percentile.
1)All analyses accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights.
2)Dietary zinc intake per food group was calculated based on 1-day 24-h dietary recall data.