Table 5. Ratio of the within- to between-person variance of zinc intake among young children reported in selected studies.
| Author (year) | Country and study subjects | Data and study period | Dietary assessment | Age group | Ratio of the within- to between-person variance of zinc intake | Energy intake (kcal/d) | Protein intake (g/d) | Zinc intake (mg/d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenault & Brown (2003) | US, preschool children (n = 7,474) | Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998 | 2-day 24-h dietary recalls | < 1 yrs (n = 898, 12%) | 0.56 (0–6 mon), 1.06 (7–12 mon) | 852 ± 2771) | 6.6 ± 2.3 | |
| 1–3 yrs (n = 3,908, 52%) | 2.16 | 1,381 ± 442 | 7.6 ± 3.3 | |||||
| 4–5 yrs (n = 2,668, 36%) | 2.89 | 1,667 ± 485 | 9.1 ± 3.7 | |||||
| Huybrechts et al. (2008) | Belgium, preschool children (n = 661, 338 boys [51.1%] and 323 girls [48.9%]) | 2002–2003 | 3-day diet records | 2.5–3 yrs (n = 197, 29.8%) | 3.00 | 1,414 | 54.9 ± 1.1 | 7.9 ± 0.2 |
| 4–6.5 yrs (n = 464, 70.2%) | 2.70 | 1,483 | 56.7 ± 0.7 | 8.5 ± 0.2 | ||||
| Nel et al. (2022) | South Africa, children (n = 1,326) | Provincial Dietary Intake Study (PDIS), 2018 | 2-day 24-h dietary recalls | 1–2 yrs (n = 333, 25.1%) | 1.47 | 1,179 | 34.7 ± 1.5 | 6.5 ± 0.4 |
| 3–5 yrs (n = 514, 38.8%) | 2.82 | 1,344 | 40.4 ± 1.2 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | ||||
| 6–10 yrs (n = 479, 36.1%) | 2.23 | 1,560 | 46.3 ± 1.3 | 8.5 ± 0.2 | ||||
| Padilha et al. (2017) | Brazil, young children (n = 231, 127 boys [55.0%] and 104 girls [45.0%]) | BRISA project2), 2010–2012 | 3-day 24-h dietary recalls | 13–32 mon | 0.41 | 1,128 ± 289 | 50 ± 14 | 7.9 ± 4.9 |
1)Mean ± SD (or SE).
2)Aetiology of preterm birth and consequences of perinatal factors in child health: birth cohorts from 2 Brazilian cities, São Luís (MA) and Ribeirão Preto (SP) – BRISA.