Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable analysis for factors associated with smoking habit in the overall TTS cohort.
| Factors associated with smoking habit | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Univariable | Multivariable | |||
| OR (95% CI) | p-values | OR (95% CI) | p-values | VIF | |
| Age (≥65 years) | 0.25 (0.20–0.30) | <0 . 001 | 0.26 (0.20–0.35) | <0.001 | 1.121 |
| Sex male | 2.34 (1.68–3.18) | <0 . 001 | 2.52 (1.75–3.64) | <0.001 | 1.014 |
| Hypertension | 0.64 (0.53–0.78) | <0 . 001 | NS | NS | 1.084 |
| Diabetes | 0.78 (0.61–1.00) | 0 . 049 | NS | NS | 1.060 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) | 0.167 | – | – | – |
| Pulmonary disease | 1.87 (1.48–2.36) | <0 . 001 | 2.56 (1.81–3.61) | <0.001 | 1.024 |
| Malignancies | 0.81 (0.60–1.09) | 0.155 | – | – | – |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.83 (1.36–2.44) | <0 . 001 | 2.35 (1.60–3.46) | <0.001 | 1.029 |
| Psychiatric disease | 1.50 (1.13–1.99) | 0 . 004 | NS | NS | 1.010 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.61 (0.44–0.84) | 0 . 002 | NS | NS | 1.040 |
| Stressful trigger | 0.91 (0.74–1.12) | 0.366 | – | – | – |
| Onset LVEF (≥55%) | 0.94 (0.70–1.25) | 0.664 | – | – | – |
| Non-apical ballooning | 0.54 (0.42–0.69) | <0 . 001 | 1.47 (1.02–2.13) | 0.039 | 1.057 |
LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NS, non-significant; VIF, variance inflation factor.