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. 2023 Nov 20;5:1265120. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1265120

Table 8.

GEE estimated marginal means and coefficients for time and affect regulation measures (EFI) baseline, mid-study, and post-studya (n = 91).

Time Mean β SEb 95% Wald CIc Wald χ2 df d
Wald χ2 df d p-valuee
Executive Functioning Index (EFI)
Baseline 100.25 0.99 98.31 ± 102.19
Mid-study 100.69 1.05 98.63 ± 102.75
Post-study 100.85 1.14 98.63 ± 103.08
Intercept 100.25 1.00 98.30 ± 102.20 9,824.23 1 <.001 10,824.77 1 <.001
Baseline to mid-study 0.45 0.77 −1.07 ± 1.96 0.43 1 .528 0.54f 2 .765
Baseline to post-study 0.60 0.91 −1.18 ± 2.39 0.44 1 .506
EFI organization subscale
Baseline 16.41 0.41 15.61 ± 17.21
Mid-study 16.84 0.38 16.09 ± 17.59
Post-study 17.10 0.40 16.32 ± 17.88
Intercept 16.41 0.41 15.60 ± 17.21 1,596.51 1 <.001 2,320.54 1 <.001
Baseline to mid-study 0.43 0.33 −0.22 ± 1.09 1.68 1 .200 4.02f 2 .137
Baseline to post-study 0.69 0.35 0.00 ± 1.38 3.96 1 .048
EFI motivational drive subscale
Baseline 13.63 0.28 13.07 ± 14.18
Mid-study 13.34 0.31 12.74 ± 13.94
Post-study 13.27 0.32 12.64 ± 13.91
Intercept 13.63 0.28 13.07 ± 14.18 2,338.26 1 <.001 2,608.26 1 <.001
Baseline to mid-study −0.29 0.26 −0.80 ± 0.23 1.15 1 .285 1.58f 2 .455
Baseline to post-study −0.35 0.29 −0.93 ± 0.23 1.38 1 .240
EFI strategic planning subscale
Baseline 24.81 0.42 23.99 ± 25.6.
Mid-study 24.60 0.41 23.79 ± 25.41
Post-study 24.19 0.46 23.28 ± 25.10
Intercept 24.81 0.42 23.99 ± 25.63 3,448.46 1 <.001 4,185.03 1 <.001
Baseline to mid-study −0.21 0.35 −0.89 ± 0.47 0.34 1 .577 2.32f 2 .315
Baseline to post-study −0.62 0.42 −1.44 ± 0.21 2.07 1 .154
EFI impulse control subscale
Baseline 18.82 0.31 18.22 ± 19.42
Mid-study 19.66 0.28 19.11 ± 20.21
Post-study 20.53 0.27 20.00 ± 21.06
Intercept 18.82 0.31 18.20 ± 19.43 3,585.19 1 <.001 6,111.42 1 <.001
Baseline to mid-study 0.84 0.25 0.35 ± 1.33 11.62 1 .001 37.33f 2 <.001
Baseline to post-study 1.71 0.28 1.16 ± 2.27 36.62 1 <.001
EFI empathy subscale
Baseline 26.58 0.34 25.91 ± 27.26
Mid-study 26.25 0.33 25.60 ± 26.91
Post-study 25.76 0.34 25.10 ± 26.42
Intercept 26.59 0.34 25.91 ± 27.26 5,841.00 1 <.001 7,816.76 1 <.001
Baseline to mid-study −0.33 0.30 −0.93 ± 0.26 1.03 1 .347 7.07f 2 .032
Baseline to post-study −0.83 0.34 −1.49 ± −0.17 6.04 1 .014
Baseline to post-study −2.13 0.78 −3.66 ± −0.60 7.40 1 .007
a

Pooled results of the imputed dataset.

b

Standard error.

c

Confidence interval of the difference.

d

Degrees of freedom.

e

Significant at the.05 level.

f

Test of model effects values for Time.