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. 2023 Nov 20;11:1285288. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1285288

Table 3.

Estimated coefficients of variables in the ITS model (Dependent variable: daily CBM volume from Hong Kong to Shenzhen).

CBM From Hong Kong to Shenzhen
Variables Coef. St.Err. p value
Pre-pandemic level and trend
Day (the trend over time) -0.11 *** 0.03 0.00
Early old age (55–59, as reference, the level on day 0) 90.66 *** 1.18 0.00
Middle old age (60–64, compared to early old age) −43.49 *** 1.08 0.00
Old age (65+, compared to early old age) −39.79 *** 1.08 0.00
The abrupt effects on CBM flows during four stages among three senior groups
Stage #1: Warning Stage Early old age (as reference, the level change in the Stage #1) −5.60 3.42 0.10
Middle old age (compared to early old age) 5.01 4.09 0.22
Old age (compared to early old age) 5.40 4.09 0.19
Stage #2: Freezing Stage Early old age (as reference, the level change in the Stage #2) −54.68 *** 2.74 0.00
Middle old age (compared to early old age) 24.58 *** 2.47 0.00
Old age (compared to early old age) 21.87 *** 2.47 0.00
Stage #3: Adjustment Stage Early old age (as reference, the level change in the Stage #3) −44.55 *** 2.45 0.00
Middle old age (compared to early old age) 16.95 *** 1.85 0.00
Old age (compared to early old age) 19.15 *** 1.85 0.00
Stage #4: Recovery Stage Early old age (as reference, the level change in the Stage #4) −8.14 * 4.39 0.06
Middle old age (compared to early old age) 4.83 ** 2.44 0.05
Old age (compared to early old age) 2.66 2.44 0.28
The gradual effects on CBM flows during four stages among three senior groups
Stage #1 × Time #1: Warning Stage Early old age (as reference, the slope change in the Stage #1) −4.53 *** 0.68 0.00
Middle old age (compared to early old age) 2.16 *** 0.84 0.01
Old age (compared to early old age) 2.33 *** 0.84 0.01
Stage #2 × Time #2: Freezing Stage Early old age (as reference, the slope change in the Stage #2) 0.04 0.13 0.78
Middle old age (compared to early old age) −0.09 0.13 0.49
Old age (compared to early old age) −0.03 0.13 0.81
Stage #3 × Time #3: Adjustment Stage Early old age (as reference, the slope change in the Stage #3) 0.38 *** 0.05 0.00
Middle old age (compared to early old age) −0.01 0.04 0.88
Old age (compared to early old age) −0.13 *** 0.04 0.00
Stage #4 × Time #4: Recovery Stage Early old age (as reference, the slope change in the Stage #4) 0.05 0.11 0.61
Middle old age (compared to early old age) 0.05 0.12 0.71
Old age (compared to early old age) 0.15 0.12 0.24
Control Variables
Gender Early old age (the difference between male and female) −38.74 *** 0.96 0.00
Middle old age (compared to early old age) 18.91 *** 0.96 0.00
Old age (compared to early old age) 22.10 *** 0.96 0.00
Holiday −0.57 1.07 0.60
HK_Cases −0.03 0.02 0.16
SZ_Cases −0.11 ** 0.05 0.02
Monday 1.83 ** 0.73 0.01
Tuesday 2.52 *** 0.73 0.00
Wednesday 3.28 *** 0.73 0.00
Thursday 2.90 *** 0.73 0.00
Friday 4.46 *** 0.73 0.00
Saturday 2.22 *** 0.73 0.00
Mean dependent var 30.152 SD dependent var. 21.053
Number of obs 1,098 Chi-square 10502.763
Prob > chi2 0.000 Akaike crit. (AIC) 7313.644

Robust standard errors in parentheses: *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1.