Table 1.
Studies of the natural course of cow’s milk, hen’s egg, and wheat allergy in children
| Food | Age or rates of resolution | Criteria for resolution | Study type, country | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cow’s milk | 19% by 4 ears, 42% by 8 years, 64% by 12 years, and 79% by 16 years [25] | Passed OFC or sIgE <3 kU/L with no symptoms within 12 months | Retrospective, US | 2007 |
| 57.4% during 48- to 60-month follow-up [69] | Passed OFC or successful consumption history | Prospective, Israel | 2012 | |
| 52.6% at a median age of 63 months [9] | Passed OFC or ingestion of uncooked milk products in serving size quantities | Observational cohort, USA | 2013 | |
| 57% after 1 year from the diagnosis [32] | Passed OFC | Birth cohort, Europe | 2015 | |
| 25% by 43 months, 50% by 104.8 months [33] | Passed OFC or successful consumption history | Retrospective, Korea | 2020 | |
| 81.8% by 6 years [70] | Passed OFC or successful consumption history | Retrospective, Singapore | 2022 | |
| Hen’s egg | 11% by 4 years, 41% by 8years, 65% by 12 years, 82% by 16 years [8] | Passed OFC or sIgE < 2 kU/L with no symptoms within 12 months | Retrospective, USA | 2007 |
| 49.3% at a median age of 74 months [71] | Passed OFC or ingestion of whole, concentrated egg products in serving size quantities | Observational cohort, USA | 2014 | |
| 30% by 3 years, 59% by 5 years, and 73% by 6 years [35] | Passed OFC | Retrospective, Japan | 2016 | |
| 83.9% by 4 years [26] | Passed OFC | Longitudinal cohort, Australia | 2019 | |
| 25% by 46.7 months, 50% by 67.6 months [33] | Passed OFC or successful consumption history | Retrospective, Korea | 2020 | |
| 14.6% by 7 years, 40.8% by 9 years, 60.5% by 12 yearsa), [36] | Passed OFC | Prospective, Japan | 2022 | |
| 89% by 6 years [34] | Passed OFC or SPT < 3 mm or SPT 3–7 mm with successful consumption history | Longitudinal cohort, Australia | 2022 | |
| Wheat | 29% by 4 years, 56% by 8 years, 65% by 12 years [27] | Passed OFC or successful consumption history | Retrospective, USA | 2009 |
| 20% by 4 years, 52% by 8years, 66% by 12 years, 76% by 18 years [38] | Passed OFC | Prospective, Poland | 2014 | |
| 14.7% at 2 years, 27% at 4 years, 45.7% at 5 years 69% at 9 years [37] | Passed OFC | Prospective, Thailand | 2017 |
OFC, oral food challenge; sIgE, specific immunoglobulin E; SPT, skin prick test.
a)
Among children with a definitive immediate-type reaction to hen’s eggs at 6 years of age.