Table 1.
Summary of main characteristics of all included studies.
| Category | Number of studies (%) (n = 34) | Randomised controlled trials (n = 25) | Non-randomised studies of interventions (n = 9) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Publication date | |||
| 2011–2016 | 8 (23.5) | 7 | 1 |
| 2017–2023 | 26 (76.5) | 18 | 8 |
| Study typea | |||
| Pilot study | 16 (47.1) | 10 | 6 |
| Main trial | 18 (52.9) | 16 | 2 |
| Country/setting by incomeb | |||
| High-income country | 31 (91.2) | 23 | 8 |
| Middle-income country | 3 (8.8) | 2 | 1 |
| Low-income country | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 0 |
| Country/setting by region | |||
| Europe | 6 (17.6) | 4 | 2 |
| Asia | 7 (20.6) | 4 | 3 |
| Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) | 8 (23.5) | 8 | 0 |
| North America (United States and Dominican Republic) | 13 (38.2) | 9 | 4 |
| Targeted population | |||
| Adults at risk of non-communicable diseases or mental disorders | 15 (44.1) | 15 | 0 |
| Adults from the general population | 19 (55.9) | 10 | 9 |
| Participant characteristics | |||
| Age (mean ± SD), years | 39.1 ± 12.5 | 40.2 ± 13.0 | 35.5 ± 9.6 |
| Female (%) | 63.2 (n = 27) | 62.7 (n = 21) | 64.9 (n = 6) |
| Male (%) | 36.8 (n = 27) | 37.2 (n = 21) | 35.1 (n = 6) |
| Higher than secondary school (%) | 71.6 (n = 20) | 70.9 (n = 15) | 61.9 (n = 5) |
| Body mass index (mean ± SD), kg/m2 | 30.0 ± 3.8 (n = 18) | 30.0 ± 3.8 (n = 18) | – |
| Intervention duration | |||
| <3 months | 12 (35.3) | 7 | 5 |
| 3–6 months | 22 (64.7) | 18 | 4 |
| Sample size | |||
| <100 | 17 (50.0) | 10 | 7 |
| 100–200 | 11 (32.4) | 10 | 1 |
| >200 | 6 (22.6) | 5 | 1 |
| Mode of delivery | |||
| Single delivery mode | 18 (52.9) | 13 | 5 |
| Multiple delivery modes | 16 (47.1) | 12 | 4 |
| Human support | |||
| With human support | 17 (50.0) | 13 | 4 |
| Without human support | 17 (50.0) | 12 | 5 |
| Theory-based | 17 (50.0) | 13 | 4 |
a
The study type was self-reported from studies.
b
Classification by income based on World Bank Country and Leading Groups. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/%20906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-group.