Table 1.

The effects of certain populations of T cells on AD pathology.

Cell types	Pros	Cons	References
Th1 cells		produce inflammatory cytokines exacerbates the levels of Aβ cognitive impairment	McQuillan et al. 2010, [93]. Jorfi et al. 2023, [90]. Machhi et al. 2021, [62].
Th2 cells	lower cognitive problems lower amyloid buildup		McManus et al. 2010, [94]. Cao et al. 2009, [95].
Th17 cells		produce inflammatory cytokines exacerbates the levels of Aβ cognitive impairment bone loss	McQuillan et al. 2010, [93]. Jorfi et al. 2023, [90]. Machhi et al. 2021, [62]. Gu et al. 2020, [96].
Th9 cells	anti-apoptotic properties inflammatory mediator	no effect on microglia proliferation	Kumari et al. 2023, [97]. Ding et al. 2015, [98]. Liu et al. 2022, [99]. Wharton et al. 2019, [100].
T22 cells	protective role of IL-22BP against neuronal damage	pro-inflammatory cytokine production via activation of glial cells	Lee et al. 2022, [101]. Chen et al. 2022, [89].
Tregs	reduce Aβ deposition decrease inflammatory cytokine levels affect cognitive function	higher Tregs suppress a useful immune response depleted Tregs: •hasten the onset of cognitive deficits, •increase the burden of Aβ, •boost the responses of microglia/macrophages, •decreased glucose metabolism.	Rosenkranz et al. 2007, [103]. Baek et al. 2016, [102].