. 2023 Nov 8;21:5662–5675. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.058

Table 4.

HO-1 and HO-2 effects on AD pathology.

	Effects	References
HO-1	• lack of HO-1 causes abnormal CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios • HO-1 modulates Tregs activity • HO-1 induction prevents tau aggregation • HO-1 protects neurons against oxidative damage long-term overexpression of HO-1 causes: • mitochondrial damage, • oxidative stress, • aggregation of Aβ and tau oligomers, • impaired cognitive ability.	Burt et al. 2010, [187]. Funes et al. 2020, [189]. Nitti et al. 2018, [198]. Si et al. 2020, [190]. Jiao et al. 2018, [191]. Wang et al. 2015, [193]. Si et al. 2018, [194]. Li et al. 2015, [195].
HO-2	protects neurons against oxidative stress helps to restore heme homeostasis lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 suppresses inflammatory pathways	Doré et al. 1999, [180]. Liu et al. 2020, [181]. Intagliata et al. 2019, [182]. Chen et al. 2018, [183].

Effects

References

HO-1

•
lack of HO-1 causes abnormal CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios
•
HO-1 modulates Tregs activity
•
HO-1 induction prevents tau aggregation
•
HO-1 protects neurons against oxidative damage

long-term overexpression of HO-1 causes:

•
mitochondrial damage,
•
oxidative stress,
•
aggregation of Aβ and tau oligomers,
•
impaired cognitive ability.

Burt et al. 2010, [187]. Funes et al. 2020, [189]. Nitti et al. 2018, [198]. Si et al. 2020, [190]. Jiao et al. 2018, [191]. Wang et al. 2015, [193]. Si et al. 2018, [194]. Li et al. 2015, [195].

HO-2

protects neurons against oxidative stress helps to restore heme homeostasis lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 suppresses inflammatory pathways

Doré et al. 1999, [180]. Liu et al. 2020, [181]. Intagliata et al. 2019, [182]. Chen et al. 2018, [183].