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. 2023 Jul 25;89:313–326. doi: 10.5114/jhk/169439

Table 2.

Cross-tabulation of the decisions made by the referees and expert observers.

Referees
Foul Shooting
Foul
Offensive
Foul
Travelling No
Call
Flagrant Out Total
Expert Observers
Foul 16 3 5 0 8 1 1 34
Shooting
Foul
1 12 2 1 13 1 0 30
Offensive
Foul
6 6 12 0 17 0 0 41
Travelling 0 0 0 4 12 0 0 16
No Call 25 46 14 3 61 1 0 151
Flagrant 3 1 0 0 2 4 0 10
Goaltending 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Flop 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Total 51 68 34 8 114 7 1 283

Note: The officiating decisions in Table 2 were identified by either referees or expert observers, and categorized as follows:

Foul (referees and experts): Illegal personal contact with a player in offense not in the act of shooting;

Shooting foul (referees and experts): Illegal personal contact with a player in offense in the act of shooting;

Offensive foul (referees and experts): Illegal personal contact with a player in defence;

Travelling (referees and experts): A player's illegal movement while holding a live ball;

No call (referees and experts): Ignored the situation/no refereeing decision was required;

Flagrant (referees and experts): An unsportsmanlike foul, contact with an opponent, illegitimately attempting to directly play the ball within the spirit and intent of the rules;

Out (referees): A player with the ball is out-of-bounds/causes the ball to go out-of-bounds;

Goaltending (experts): Situation during a shot when a player touches the ball while it is completely above the level of the ring on its downward flight to the basket or after it has touched the backboard;

Flop (experts): Deceptive behaviour of a player who intentionally falls after little or no physical contact by an opposing player in order to receive a foul.