Table 7.

Behavioral observations of point events (frequency % of total hour of observation) in Muscovy ducks fed live BSF and YM larvae provided at 5% of the expected ADFI

Behavior category	Behavior	Treatment1(T)			Period (P)			Week (W)		SEM			P-value
		C	BSF	YM	P1	P2	P3	W 1–3	W 4–6	T	P	W	T	P	W	P × T	W × T	W × P	T × P × W
Feather caring	Shake	0.520	0.555	0.609	0.551	0.547	0.583	0.461β	0.681α	0.036	0.036	0.030	0.226	0.750	< 0.001	0.186	0.026	0.623	0.092
	Stretch	0.079	0.101	0.091	0.098	0.081	0.092	0.090	0.091	0.008	0.008	0.007	0.171	0.322	0.908	0.011	0.194	< 0.001	0.113
	Flap wings	0.072	0.061	0.075	0.065	0.078	0.066	0.067	0.072	0.006	0.006	0.005	0.190	0.231	0.482	0.010	0.774	0.133	0.792
Aggressive	Attack	0.066	0.073	0.061	0.081	0.053	0.066	0.067	0.066	0.011	0.010	0.009	0.672	0.140	0.831	0.299	0.523	0.779	0.006

ADFI Average daily feed intake, SEM Standard error of the mean, C Control, BSF Black soldier fly, YM Yellow mealworm, P1 The hour before insect larva provision, P2 The hour during insect larva provision, P3 The hour after insect larva provision

¹Three dietary treatments: C: control, commercial feed; BSF: commercial feed + 5% live BSF larvae; YM: commercial feed + 5% live YM larvae

^α,βMeans with Greek alphabet superscript letters denote significant differences between week intervals (P < 0.05)