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. 2023 Dec 4;23:797. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04548-z

Table 2.

Quality assessment of studies using the Newcastle Ottawa scale

Study Selection Comparability Outcome Total score
Li 2016 [14] ☆☆☆ ☆☆ 6
Liu 2016 [15] ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ 8
Kang 2018 [16] ☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆ 7
Mughal 2019 [17] ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ 7
Basgoz 2020 [18] ☆☆☆ ☆☆ 6
Ebrahimpur 2020 [19] ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆☆ 9
Rasu 2020 [20] ☆☆ ☆☆ 5
Kumar 2021 [21] ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆ 6
Lin 2021 [22] ☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆☆ 8
Jiang 2022 [23] ☆☆☆ ☆☆ 6

High quality: ☆ ≥ 7; moderate quality: 4 ≤ ☆ ≤ 6; poor quality: ☆ ≤ 3