Table 2.
Two-way fixed-effects ordered logistic regression analysis on public satisfaction with the health system
| Urban | Rural | |
|---|---|---|
| Odd ratios (95% CI) | Odd ratios (95% CI) | |
| Provider competence | ||
| Very bad (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Bad | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) | 1.16 (0.98–1.38) |
| Fair | 1.17 (0.95–1.44) | 1.26 (1.07–1.48) |
| Good | 1.27 (1.03–1.56) | 1.37 (1.16–1.61) |
| Very good | 1.36 (1.09–1.69) | 1.30 (1.09–1.55) |
| Provider structural quality | ||
| Very unsatisfied (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Unsatisfied | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) | 1.15 (0.93–1.41) |
| Fair | 1.44 (1.15–1.79) | 1.26 (1.03–1.54) |
| Satisfied | 1.63 (1.31–2.03) | 1.47 (1.20–1.80) |
| Very satisfied | 1.87 (1.48–2.36) | 1.50 (1.21–1.86) |
| Age group | ||
| 16–29 (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 30–39 | 1.03 (0.93–1.15) | 0.90 (0.80–1.00) |
| 40–49 | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 0.86 (0.74–1.01) |
| 50–59 | 0.83 (0.68–1.01) | 0.82 (0.68–1.00) |
| ≥ 60 | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) | 0.84 (0.67–1.05) |
| Sex | ||
| Female (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 1.52 (0.84–2.74) | 0.65 (0.36–1.16) |
| Educational attainment | ||
| Illiterate/semi-literate (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Elementary school | 1.05 (0.74–1.50) | 0.92 (0.74–1.15) |
| Middle school | 0.91 (0.63–1.33) | 0.84 (0.65–1.10) |
| High school | 0.87 (0.59–1.29) | 0.76 (0.57–1.01) |
| More than 3 years of college | 0.95 (0.63–1.44) | 0.69 (0.49–0.95) |
| Marital status | ||
| Other (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Married | 0.90 (0.81–1.00) | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) |
| Personal income (10 000 yuan) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) |
| Employment status | ||
| Other (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Employed | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) |
| Medical insurance coverage | ||
| No (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) |
| Locations of respondents | ||
| Northeast region (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| East region | 0.69 (0.43–1.08) | 0.53 (0.24–1.21) |
| Central region | 1.07 (0.66–1.74) | 0.78 (0.33–1.83) |
| West region | 0.55 (0.33–0.91) | 0.76 (0.33–1.72) |
| Self-rated health status | ||
| Poor (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Fair | 1.10 (1.01–1.19) | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) |
| Good | 1.11 (1.03–1.20) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) |
| Chronic conditions | ||
| No (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.95 (0.89–1.00) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) |
| Hospitalization history | ||
| No (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.13 (1.06–1.20) | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) |
| Density of hospital beds (per 1000 population)* | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Density of medical professionals (per 1000 population)** | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) |
| Year | ||
| 2012 (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2014 | 0.58 (0.55–0.61) | 0.60 (0.57–0.63) |
| 2016 | 0.80 (0.74–0.86) | 0.72 (0.68–0.78) |
| 2018 | 0.43 (0.40–0.47) | 0.42 (0.38–0.47) |
| 2020 | 0.68 (0.61–0.75) | 0.57 (0.50–0.65) |
| Observations | 59 785 | 64 931 |
Bold indicates statistical significance, p < 0.05. *The density of hospital beds (per 1000 population) in urban and rural areas were used in urban and rural population. **The density of medical professionals (per 1000 population) in urban and rural areas were used in urban and rural population