Table 5.
Determinants of acute bacterial meningitis mortality among pediatric patients admitted to Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital between July 1, 2019, and June 30, 2022
| Variables | Category | Controls n(%) | Cases n(%) | COR(95%CI) | AOR(95%CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age of child | 2mon-5yrs* | 102(35.9) | 37(52.1) | 2.30(0.90,5.89) | 2.95(1.05,8.33)) | 0.041 |
| 10–14 yrs | 43(15.1) | 5(7.0) | ||||
| Area of residence | Urban | 79(27.8) | 13(18.3) | 0.58(0.30,1.12) | ||
| Rural | 205(72.2) | 58(81.7) | NA | |||
| season of admission | Winter* | 238(82.7) | 39(54.9) | 0.254(0.15,0.45) | 0.278(0.15,0.50) | < 0.001 |
| Summer | 49(17.3) | 32(45.1) | NA | |||
| family size | >=6 * | 112(39.4) | 49(69) | 3.42(1.96,5.97) | 3.10(1.73,5.55) | < 0.001 |
| <= 5 | 172(60.7) | 22(31.0) | NA | |||
| Duration before presentation | <= 3 days | 191 (67.3) | 30 (42.3) | |||
| > 3 days | 93 (32.7) | 41 (57.7) | 2.81(1.65,4.78) | 2.19(1.12,4.28) | < 0.001 | |
| Loss of consciousness | Yes* | 135(47.5) | 68(95.8) | 25.02(7.69,8138) | 16.85(4.7,60.39) | < 0.001 |
| No | 149 (52.5) | 3 (4.2) | NA | |||
| Seizure | Yes* | 230(81.0) | 68(95.8) | 5.32(1.61,17.56) | 6.51(1.82,23.35) | 0.004 |
| No | 54 (19) | 3 (4.2) | NA | |||
| increased ICP | Yes* | 29(12.8) | 42(59.2) | 10.65(5.88,19.78) | 3.63 (1.78,7.38) | < 0.001 |
| No | 250 (88) | 29 (40.8) | NA | |||
| Nutritional status | Malnourished* | 31(10.9) | 32(45.1) | 6.70(3.68,12.18) | 4.04(1.83,8.89) | 0.001 |
| Normal | 253 (89.1) | 39 (54.9) | ||||
| Vaccination | Vaccinated for age* | 196 (69.0) | 33 (46.5) | 0.39(0.23,0.66) | 0.47(0.23,0.95) | 0.034 |
| Not vaccinated | 88 (31.0) | 38 (53.5) | NA | |||
| Comorbidity | > 1 disease* | 13(4.6) | 16(22.5) | 2.27(1.87,3.96) | 1.84(1.13,2.30) | 0.0.015 |
| None | 232 (81.7) | 38 (53.5) | NA | |||
| only one comorbidity | 39 (13.7) | 17 (23.9) | NA | |||
| Treatment | Ceftriaxone with Vanco * | 32(11.3) | 20(28.2) | 2.22(0.90,5.52) | ||
| Ceftriaxone | 218(76.8) | 42(59.2) | ||||
| Antibiotics change | Yes* | 35(12.3) | 30(42.3) | 5.21(2.89,9.38) | 10.81(2.01,5.71) | 0.004 |
| No | 249(87.7) | 41(57.7) | ||||
| Pathogen | S.pneumonia * | 18(10.3) | 7(9.9) | 11.33(2.10,61.22) | ||
| N.meningitidis * | 25(14.3) | 2(2.8) | 4.69(0.63,34.67) |
* Variables of p value < 0.05 in bivariate analysis, NA = not applicable because P value > 0.25 in bivariate analysis