Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Group | Younger age participants (HV) n = 27 |
Older age participants (MyoFit46) n = 50 |
p value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years | 38.9 ± 8.5 | 77.0 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n | 9 [35] | 26 [51] | 0.23 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.79 ± 0.25 | 1.82 ± 0.17 | 0.57 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 68 ± 11 | 63 ± 9.7 | 0.08 |
| Past medical history | |||
| T2DM | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | NA |
| HTN | 0 (0) | 15 (30) | NA |
| Chol | 0 (0) | 18 (36) | NA |
| MI | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | NA |
| IHD | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | NA |
| AF | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| AB | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | NA |
| ACEi | 0 (0) | 11 (22) | NA |
| BB | 0 (0) | 4 (4) | NA |
| CCB | 0 (0) | 6 (6) | NA |
| CMR parameters | |||
| LAVi,ml | 21 ± 3.9 | 22 ± 6.8 | 0.28 |
| LVEDVi, ml | 81 (12) | 75 (12) | 0.21 |
| MAPSE, mm | 18 ± 4.3 | 15 ± 2.9 | 0.002 |
| LVEF, % | 72 (7.2) | 72 (7.8) | 0.28 |
| LVSVi, ml | 41 (15) | 40 (15) | 0.71 |
| RVEDVi, ml | 99 (19) | 83 (21) | < 0.001 |
| TAPSE, mm | 23 ± 3.7 | 23 ± 3.9 | 0.58 |
| RVEF, % | 58 ± 4.3 | 60 ± 5.2 | 0.068 |
| 12-lead ECG | |||
| RR, ms | 929 ± 139 | 941 ± 133 | 0.75 |
| PR, ms | 160 ± 23 | 174 ± 37 | 0.06 |
| QRS, ms | 94 ± 8.6 | 100 ± 15 | 0.03 |
| QTc, ms | 410 ± 20 | 422 ± 26 | 0.001 |
| ECGI parameters | |||
| Amp, mV | 1.41 ± 0.34 | 1.41 ± 0.37 | 0.97 |
| AT, ms | 41 (10) | 44 (7.7) | 0.30 |
| RT, ms | 289 ± 20 | 296 ± 21 | 0.002 |
| ARI, ms | 235 ± 18 | 250 ± 21 | 0.002 |
| ATd, ms | 11 (3.5) | 13.6 (4.4) | 0.01 |
| RTd, ms | 28 (8.9) | 31 (13) | 0.09 |
| ARId, ms | 32 ± 9.0 | 37 ± 12 | 0.04 |
| GAT, ms/mm | 0.34 (0.12) | 0.40 (0.13) | 0.01 |
| GRT, ms/mm | 0.77 (0.23) | 0.92 (0.40) | 0.03 |
| GARI, ms/mm | 0.92 ± 0.27 | 1.12 ± 0.40 | 0.01 |
| Frac, n | 1.004 (0.01) | 1.003 (0.01) | 0.88 |
Statistics are presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR) or n [%]
Significant p values are highlighted in bold
Amp amplitude, AB alpha-blocker, ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, AT activation time, ARI activation recovery interval, BB beta-blocker, BSA body surface area, CCB calcium channel blocker, Chol hypercholesterolaemia, HTM hypertension, ECG electrocardiogram, Frac fractionation, GAT, GRT, GARI spatial gradient of AT, RT and ARI respectively, IHD ischaemic heart disease, LAVi BSA-indexed left atrial volume, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDVi BSA-indexed left ventricular end diastolic volume, LVSVi BSA-indexed left ventricular systolic volume, MAPSE mitral annular plane systolic excursion, MI myocardial infarction, RVEDVi BSA-indexed right ventricular end diastolic volume, RVEF right ventricular ejection fraction; RT repolarization time, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, T2DM type 2 diabetes, ATd, RTd, ARId global dispersion of AT, RT and ARI respectively
*Differences between younger and older participants were measured using unpaired t-test, Mann–Whitney U or Chi-squared test as appropriate