Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants across glycemic categories (N=2,352).
| Euglycemia (n=1,485) |
Prediabetes (n=704) |
Diabetes (n=163) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age, years | 52.3(6.8) | 55.2(6.4) | 55.2(6.2) | <0.001 |
| Women | 745(50.2%) | 343(48.7%) | 77(47.2%) | 0.68 |
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 656(44.2%) | 309(43.9%) | 49(30.1%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 34(2.3%) | 39(5.5%) | 9(5.5%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 28(1.9%) | 33(4.7%) | 10(6.1%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 1(0.1%) | 0(0%) | 1(0.6%) | |
| Non-Hispanic ≥1 race | 15(1.0%) | 12(1.7%) | 5(3.1%) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 724(48.8%) | 295(41.9%) | 87(53.4%) | |
| Unknown/not disclosed | 27(1.8%) | 16(2.3%) | 2(1.2%) | |
| Education | 0.012 | |||
| Less than high school | 2(0.1%) | 5(0.7%) | 1(0.6%) | |
| High school | 106(7.1%) | 70(9.9%) | 16(9.8%) | |
| Some college, no degree | 161(10.8%) | 88(12.5%) | 26(16.0%) | |
| Bachelors | 746(50.2%) | 333(47.3%) | 78(47.9%) | |
| Post graduate studies | 466(31.4%) | 201(28.6%) | 41(25.2%) | |
| Unknown/not disclosed | 4(0.3%) | 7(1.0%) | 1(0.6%) | |
| Income | <0.001 | |||
| <$25,000 | 29(2.0%) | 17(2.4%) | 3(1.8%) | |
| $25,000 to <$50,000 | 75(5.1%) | 68(9.7%) | 23(14.1%) | |
| $50,000 to <$75,000 | 121(8.1%) | 62(8.8%) | 18(11.0%) | |
| $75,000 to <$150,000 | 496(33.4%) | 241(34.2%) | 70(42.9%) | |
| ≥$150,000 | 622(41.9%) | 245(34.8%) | 35(21.5%) | |
| Not disclosed | 142(9.6%) | 71(10.1%) | 14(8.6%) | |
| Cigarette Use | 0.10 | |||
| Never smoker | 1096(73.8%) | 507(72.0%) | 105(64.4%) | |
| Former smoker | 345(23.2%) | 178(25.3%) | 50(30.7%) | |
| Current smoker | 44(3.0%) | 19(2.7%) | 8(4.9%) | |
| BMI categories | <0.001 | |||
| Underweight | 8(0.5%) | 2(0.3%) | 0(0%) | |
| Normal weight | 457(30.8%) | 134(19.0%) | 7(4.3%) | |
| Overweight | 643(43.3%) | 278(39.5%) | 57(35.0%) | |
| Obesity | 377(25.4%) | 290(41.2%) | 99(60.7%) | |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 122(14) | 126(14) | 130(14) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP mm Hg | 77(9) | 80(8) | 82(7) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 591(39.8%) | 391(55.5%) | 127(77.9%) | <0.001 |
| Lipids levels, mg/dL | ||||
| Total cholesterol | 206(39) | 208(42) | 193(44) | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol | 123(35) | 125(36) | 114(36) | 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol | 62(20) | 58(19) | 48(16) | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol | 144(39) | 150(42) | 146(43) | 0.003 |
| Triglycerides | 103(55) | 124(86) | 185(215) | <0.001 |
| High LDL cholesterol | 825(55.6%) | 506(71.9%) | 116(71.2%) | <0.001 |
| Low HDL cholesterol | 233(15.7%) | 157(22.3%) | 76(46.6%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 214(14.4%) | 166(23.6%) | 70(42.9%) | <0.001 |
| Medication use | ||||
| BP lowering | 212(14.3%) | 171(24.3%) | 78(47.9%) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 239(16.1%) | 215(30.5%) | 68(41.7%) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 278(18.7%) | 201(28.6%) | 64(39.3%) | <0.001 |
| Glucose lowering | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 117(71.8%) | <0.001 |
| Non-insulin | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 112(68.7%) | <0.001 |
| Insulin | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 15(9.2%) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as number (%) for categorical variables and mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables. Comparisons across groups were performed with Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and analysis of variance or non-parametric tests for continuous variables, as appropriate.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; N, number.