Table 3. Distribution of individuals according to sarcopenia classification and association with sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric characteristics, sarcopenia components, and quality of life.
| Sarcopenia by CC | Sarcopenia by ASMI | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Non-sarcopenia | Probable sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | p value * | Non-sarcopenia | Probable sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | p value * |
| n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | |||
| Sociodemographic | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 59.4±7.9 (56.7-62.2) | 62.6±6.9 (60.1-65.6) | 63.4±9.4 (59.8-66.9) | 0.172 | 59.4±7.9 (56.2-62.8) | 61.4±6.5 (59.4-63.4) | 67.4±10.5 (61.0-73.9) | 0.060 |
| Age group | 0.122 | 0.111 | ||||||
| Adult | 17(43.6) | 12(30.8) | 10(25.6) | 17(43.6) | 17(43.6) | 5(12.8) | ||
| Elder | 10(22.7) | 17(38.6) | 17(38.6) | 10(22.7) | 24(54.5) | 10(22.7) | ||
| Sex | 0.059 | 0.062 | ||||||
| Male | 24(40.0) | 18(30.0) | 18(30.0) | 24(40.0) | 26(43.3) | 10(16.7) | ||
| Female | 3(13.0) | 11(47.8) | 9(39.1) | 3(13.0) | 15(65.2) | 5(21.7) | ||
| Race | 0.660 | 0.401 | ||||||
| White/Hispanic | 14(31.8) | 14(31.8) | 16(36.4) | 14(31.8) | 19(43.2) | 11(25.0) | ||
| Black/African-American | 13(34.2) | 14(36.8) | 11(28.9) | 13(34.2) | 21(55.3) | 4(10.5) | ||
| Asian | - | 1(100.0) | - | - | 1(100.0) | - | ||
| Marital status | 0.548 | 0.575 | ||||||
| Married | 15(30.6) | 19(38.8) | 15(30.6) | 15(30.6) | 26(53.1) | 8(16.3) | ||
| Single | 4(50.0) | 2(25.0) | 2(25.0) | 4(50.0) | 4(50.0) | - | ||
| Widowed | 4(25.0) | 7(43.8) | 5(31.3) | 4(25.0) | 7(43.8) | 5(31.3) | ||
| Divorced | 4(40.0) | 1(10.0) | 5(50.0) | 4(40.0) | 4(40.0) | 2(20.0) | ||
| Work activity | 0.678 | 0.546 | ||||||
| No | 25(33.8) | 26(35.1) | 23(31.1) | 25(33.8) | 35(47.3) | 14(18.9) | ||
| Yes | 2(22.2) | 3(33.3) | 4(44.4) | 2(22.2) | 6(66.7) | 1(11.1) | ||
| Economic level | 0.907 | 0.375 | ||||||
| A | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| B | 7(35.0) | 7(35.0) | 6(30.0) | 7(35.0) | 7(35.0) | 6(30.0) | ||
| C | 12(27.9) | 16(37.2) | 15(349) | 12(27.9) | 24(55.8) | 7(16.3) | ||
| D and E | 8(40.0) | 6(30.0) | 6(30.0) | 8(40.0) | 10(50.0) | 2(10.0) | ||
| Clinical | ||||||||
| Comorbidities | 0.238 | 0.390 | ||||||
| None | 3(50.0) | 3(50.0) | - | 3(50.0) | 2(33.3) | 1(16.7) | ||
| 1 to 2 | 20(32.8) | 18(29.5) | 23(37.7) | 20(32.8) | 28(45.9) | 13(21.3) | ||
| 3 or more | 4(25.0) | 8(50.0) | 4(25.0) | 4(25.0) | 11(68.8) | 1(6.3) | ||
| Metabolic stress | 0.291 | 0.693 | ||||||
| None | 22(32.8) | 26(38.8) | 19(28.4) | 22(32.8) | 33(49.3) | 12(17.9) | ||
| Low | 3(42.9) | 2(28.6) | 2(28.6) | 3(42.9) | 4(57.1) | - | ||
| Moderate | 2(28.6) | 1(14.3) | 4(57.1) | 2(28.6) | 3(42.9) | 2(28.6) | ||
| Elevated | - | - | 2(100.0) | - | 1(50.0) | 1(50.0) | ||
| Disease information | ||||||||
| Treatment time (months) | 33.5±27.8 (23.9-44.5) | 35.6±35.3 (24.5-47.6) | 36.9±37.6 (22.1-53.6) | 0.930 | 33.5±27.8 (23.7-44.7) | 38.0±37.7 (27.2-50.5) | 31.4±32.8 (16.4-49.2) | 0.789 |
| Time of kidney disease (months) | 34.5±27.2 (11.0-53.0) | 38.4±34.8 (13.0-50.5) | 33.3±33.0 (8.0-43.0) | 0.667 | 34.5±7.5 (11.0-53.0) | 37.6±33.7 (15.5-44.0) | 31.4±34.4 (6.0-58.0) | 0.641 |
| TFGe (ml/min) | 7.5±3.3 (4.9-6.9) | 7.4±2.7 (5.2-9.5) | 8.8±5.2 (5.8-9.3) | 0.486 | 7.5±3.3 (4.9-9.4) | 7.9±4.3 (5.3-9.5) | 8.3±3.7 (6.2-9.3) | 0.611 |
| Anthropometry | ||||||||
| Weight (kg) | 75.4±15.8 (70.0-81.2)a | 74.1±8.9 (70.5-77.7)a | 58.9±7.8 (55.9-61.9)b | <0.001 | 75.4±15.8 (69.8-81.6)a | 70.3±10.2 (66.8-73.5)a | 57.1±8.1 (53.1-61.7)b | <0.001 |
| Height (m) | 1.70±0.08 (1.67-1.73)a | 1.65±0.08 (1.62-1.68)a.b | 1.62±0.08 (1.59-1.65)b | 0.004 | 1.70±0.08 (1.66-1.73)a | 1.63±0.08(1.60-1.66)b | 1.65±0.07(1.61-1.69)a.b | 0.006 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2±5.4 (24.3-28.4)a | 27.4±3.1 9 (26.1-28.7)a | 22.3±2.3 (21.5-23.2)b | <0.001 | 26.2±5.4 (24.5-28.2)a | 26.4±3.1 (25.3-27.5)a | 20.9±2.0 (19.8-22.1)b | <0.001 |
| APMT R (mm) | 9.8±3.3 (8.6-11.2) | 9.7±3.8 (8.4-11.2) | 9.4±4.2 (7.7-11.0) | 0.910 | 9.8±3.3 (8.7-11.0) | 9.3±3.7 (8.2-10.5) | 10.3±4.7 (7.8-13.0) | 0.699 |
| APMT L (mm) | 10.3±5.9 (8.7-12.5) | 9.4±2.7 (8.4-10.5) | 8.5±3.1 (7.2-9.6) | 0.290 | 10.3±5.9 (8.5-12.4) | 9.1±2.7 (8.3-10.0) | 8.6±3.3 96.9-10.3) | 0.483 |
| Sarcopenia components | ||||||||
| Calf circumference | <0.001 | 0.010 | ||||||
| Adequate | 17 (37.0) | 29 (63.0) | - | 17(37.0) | 26(56.5) | 3(6.5) | ||
| Low muscle mass | 10 (27.0) | - | 27 (73.0) | 10(27.0) | 15(40.5) | 12(32.4) | ||
| CC (cm) | 36.0±3.8 (34.5-37.5)a | 37.0±2.0 (36.1-37.7)a | 31.0±2.1 (30.2-31.8)b | <0.001 | 36.0±3.8 (34.5-37.5)a | 35.1±3.0 (34.2-36.1)a | 31.0±3.5 (29.1-33.0)b | <0.001 |
| ASMI | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Adequate | 25(37.9) | 26(39.4) | 15(22.7) | 25(37.9) | 41(62.1) | - | ||
| Low muscle mass | 2(11.8) | 3(17.6) | 12(70.6) | 2(11.8) | - | 15(88.2) | ||
| ASMI (kg/m2) | 10.1±1.8 (9.4-10.8) a | 9.8±1.4 (9.2-10.3) a | 8.4±1.4 (7.9-9.0) b | <0.001 | 10.1±1.8 (9.4-10.8)a | 9.6±1.4 (9.1-10.0)a | 7.9±1.1 (7.2-8.5)b | <0.001 |
| Handgrip strength | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Adequate | 27(100.0) | - | - | 27(100.0) | - | - | ||
| Low muscle strength | - | 29(51.8) | 27(48.2) | - | 41(73.2) | 15(26.8) | ||
| HGS (kgf) | 38.5±7.0 (35.7-41.2)a | 20.8±5.7 (18.6-22.9)b | 21.1±6.2 (18.7-23.5)b | <0.001 | 38.5±7.0 (35.7-41.2)a | 21.6±5.7 (19.8-23.4)b | 19.3±6.2 (15.8-22.7)b | <0.001 |
| Gait speed | 0.141 | 0.132 | ||||||
| Adequate | 23(39.0) | 19(32.2) | 17(28.8) | 23(39.0) | 27(45.8) | 9(15.3) | ||
| Low gait speed | 4(16.7) | 10(41.7) | 10(41.7) | 4(16.7) | 14(58.3) | 6(25.0) | ||
| GS (m/s) | 1.05±0.23 (0.95-1.14)a | 0.86±0.25 (0.77-0.96)b | 0.81±0.24 (0.72-0.91)b | 0.002 | 1.05±0.24 (0.95-1.14)a | 0.85±0.23 (0.78-0.92)b | 0.81±0.30 (0.64-0.97)b | 0.002 |
| Quality of life (QoL) | ||||||||
| Physical Health (PH) | 65.7±14.0 (60.2-71.3) | 60.5±17.5 (53.8-67.1) | 57.3±17.2 (50.4-64.1) | 0.165 | 65.7±14.0 (60.2-71.3) | 60.0±16.6 (54.7-65.3) | 55.9±19.3 (45.3-66.6) | 0.153 |
| Psychological Health (PSH) | 83.3±16.4 (76.3-89.7) | 77.1±19.3 (68.7-84.8) | 80.7±15.3 (73.8-87.0) | 0.458 | 83.3±16.4 (77.2-89.9) | 79.7±18.5 (73.4-85.8) | 76.5±14.6 (69.1-84.0) | 0.399 |
| Social Relationships (SR) | 78.1±24.5 (68.1-87.5) | 73.7±26.6 (62.9-83.4) | 76.0±23.1 (66.2-85.0) | 0.827 | 78.1±24.5 (69.2-85.9) | 77.5±24.6 (67.9-85.9) | 67.8±24.6 (54.2-81.3) | 0.411 |
| Environment quality of life (EQL) | 84.7±13.1 (78.9-90.1) | 77.5±15.7 (71.4-83.3) | 76.5±16.3 (70.1-82.8) | 0.086 | 84.7±13.1 (79.3-89.7) | 77.5±15.4 (72.5-82.9) | 75.7±17.2 (66.2-85.60 | 0.092 |
| Global QoV | 65.7±21.0 (57.8-73.8) | 71.1±22.0 (62.4-80.0) | 66.0±20.0 (57.5-74.8) | 0.600 | 65.7±21.0 (58.4-72.9) | 70.6±22.1 (63.6-77.8) | 63.4±17.3 (54.5-72.0) | 0.444 |
CC: calf circumference; ASMI: appendicular skeletal muscle index; BMI: Body mass index; APMT: adductor pollicis muscle thickness. EGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.
*
Pearson's chi-square (categorical) or ANOVA (means; continuous). Matching letters: statistical similarity.