Table 2. Association of clinical, demographic, hemodynamic and laboratory variables with the outcome of death during (n = 13) and after hospital discharge (n = 22). Brasília, DF, Brazil, 2020/2021.
| Variables | In-hospital death (n = 13) | Post-discharge death (n = 22) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Mean (SD) | Median (27–75) | p-value | n (%) | Mean (SD) | Median (25–75) | p-value | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 9 (69.2) | – | – | 0.371 | 11 (50) | – | – | 0.625 |
| Female | 4 (30.8) | – | – | 11 (50) | ||||
| Age | – | 62.62 (13.49) | 64 (61–72) | 0.931 | – | 60.73 (15.38) | 62.5 (49–73) | 0.542 |
| Height | – | 165.67 (9.23) | 165.5 (159–170) | 0.196 | – | 160.48 (9.76) | 160 (150–167) | 0.292 |
| BMI | – | 24.77 (3.65) | 24.59 (23.25–26.46) | 0.143 | – | 25 (4.15) | 26.56 (21.5–28.58) | 0.142 |
| COVID | 1 (7.7) | – | – | 0.285 | 7 (31.8) | – | – | 0.384 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Nothing to declare | 0 (0) | – | – | 1 (4.5) | – | – | 0.327 | |
| White | 2 (15.4) | – | – | 1.000 | 4 (18.2) | – | – | |
| Black | 0 (0) | – | – | 0 (0) | – | – | ||
| Brown | 11 (84.6) | – | – | 17 (77.3) | – | – | ||
| Pre-admission to another unit in the medical clinic | 9 (69.2) | – | – | 0.023 | 22 (100) | – | – | 0.106 |
| Use of antibiotics in the medical clinic | 5 (55.6) | – | – | 1.000 | 10 (45.5) | – | – | 0.618 |
| Pre-admission to the medical clinic | ||||||||
| Use of NSAIDs | 3 (33.3) | – | – | 1.000 | 4 (18.2) | – | – | 0.112 |
| Use of ACE inhibitors | 4 (44.4) | – | – | 0.439 | 2 (9.1) | – | – | 0.014 |
| Use of beta-lactam antibiotics | 10 (76.9) | – | – | 0.537 | 19 (86.4) | – | – | 0.037 |
| Dependence on hemodialysis after discharge from the medical ward | 1 (11.1) | – | – | 1.000 | 7 (31.8) | – | – | 0.013 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 5 (38.5) | – | – | 0.368 | 11 (50) | – | – | 0.808 |
| Systemic Arterial Hypertension | 10 (76.9) | – | – | 1.000 | 16 (72.7) | – | – | 1.000 |
| Respiratory Diseases | 3 (23.1) | – | – | 1.000 | 7 (31.8) | – | – | 0.785 |
| Heart Disease | 4 (30.8) | – | – | 0.071 | 14 (63.6) | – | – | 0.463 |
| Hepatopathy | 3 (23.1) | – | – | 0.155 | 4 (18.2) | – | – | 0.251 |
| Neoplasms | 1 (7.7) | – | – | 1.000 | 4 (18.2) | – | – | 0.214 |
| Blood transfusion in the medical clinic | 0 (0) | – | – | 0.597 | 5 (22.7) | – | – | 0.019 |
| Oxygen therapy | ||||||||
| Ambient air | 4 (30.8) | – | – | 0.038 | 11 (50) | – | – | |
| Nasal cannula | 2 (15.4) | – | – | 4 (18.2) | – | – | 0.490 | |
| Oxygen mask | 4 (30.8) | – | – | 4 (18.2) | – | – | ||
| Non-invasive ventilation | 1 (7.7) | – | – | 0 (0) | – | – | ||
| Tracheostomy (macronebulization) | 2 (15.4) | – | – | 3 (13.6) | – | – | ||
| KDIGO | ||||||||
| 1 | 3 (23.1) | – | – | 0.530 | 7 (31.8) | – | – | 1.000 |
| 2-3 | 10 (76.9) | – | – | 15 (68.2) | – | – | ||
| Laboratory parameters | ||||||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | – | 2.17 (0.8) | 2.03 (1.74–2.39) | 0.124 | – | 2.53 (1.94) | 2.23 (1.55–2.96) | 0.065 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | – | 102.32 (43.57) | 103.06 (55.25–119.37) | 0.253 | – | 111.67 (57.96) | 117.24 (60.68–136.7) | 0.020 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | – | 145.29 (11.17) | 147.65 (136.44–151.41) | 0.010 | – | 138.01 (11.62) | 134.89 (129.68–140.73) | 0.615 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | – | 3.83 (0.75) | 3.93 (3.13–4.14) | 0.007 | – | 4.55 (0.89) | 4.33 (4.02–5) | 0.567 |
| High Creatinine | – | 2.64 (1.27) | 2.34 (1.8–3.49) | 0.006 | – | 2.39 (2.07) | 1.8 (1.1–3.23) | 0.244 |
| Leukocytes (μL) | – | 15.47 (10.01) | 13.26 (10.3–15.72) | 0.009 | – | 21.93 (47.36) | 10.34 (8.12–13.01) | 0.645 |
| Axillary temperature (°C) | – | 36.88 (0.8) | 36.67 (36.45–37.25) | 0.005 | – | 36.37 (0.68) | 36.2 (35.93–36.54) | 0.338 |
N – Absolute frequency; SD – Standard deviation; BMI – Body Mass Index; NSAID – Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ACEI – Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; CM – Clinical Medicine; Cr – Creatinine; KDIGO – Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes.