Table 2.

Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per interquartile range increase (IQR) of anthropogenic ${\mathrm{L}}_{50}$ nighttime or anthropogenic ${\mathrm{L}}_{50}$ daytime sound pressure (dBA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in the Nurses’ Health Study from 1988 to 2018 ($n=\mathrm{114,116}$; $\text{person-years}=\mathrm{2,548,927}$).

	${\mathrm{L}}_{50}$ nighttime noise		${\mathrm{L}}_{50}$ daytime noise
	Age and calendar year adjusted	Fully adjusteda	Age and calendar year adjusted	Fully adjusteda
CVD ($n=\mathrm{10,331}$)	1.01 (0.99, 1.03)	1.04 (1.02, 1.06)	1.01 (0.99, 1.03)	1.04 (1.02, 1.07)
CHD ($n=\mathrm{5,321}$)	1.02 (1.00, 1.05)	1.05 (1.02, 1.09)	1.02 (0.99, 1.05)	1.06 (1.02, 1.09)
Stroke ($n=\mathrm{5,010}$)	1.00 (0.97, 1.02)	1.02 (0.99, 1.06)	1.00 (0.97, 1.03)	1.03 (1.00, 1.06)
Ischemic stroke ($n=\mathrm{1,929}$)	0.96 (0.92, 1.01)	1.00 (0.96, 1.05)	0.98 (0.93, 1.02)	1.04 (0.99, 1.09)
Hemorrhagic stroke ($n=553$)	1.07 (0.98, 1.18)	1.08 (0.98, 1.19)	1.08 (0.99, 1.18)	1.10 (0.99, 1.21)

Note: Total CVD (CHD or stroke), CHD, stroke, and stroke subtypes (ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) are shown. IQR for anthropogenic ${\mathrm{L}}_{50}$ nighttime sound: 3.67 dBA; IQR for anthropogenic ${\mathrm{L}}_{50}$ daytime sound: 4.35 dBA. BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; ${\mathrm{L}}_{50}$, noise level exceeded 50% of the time; MI, myocardial infarction; nSES, neighborhood socioeconomic status; ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$, particulate matter $\le 2.5\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{m}$ in aerodynamic diameter; RN, registered nurse.

^a HRs are adjusted for age and calendar year, race, smoking status, pack-years smoked, family history of MI, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, diet, alcohol consumption, BMI, night shift work, parental occupation, educational attainment (RN degree), marital status, husband’s highest education, nSES score quintile, region, and air pollution (${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$).