Figure 5.

CD62L-expressing Tfh cells exhibit stem-like memory precursor transcriptional features. (A) Enrichment scores of gene sets associated with stemness, memory, mTORC1 signaling, and glycolysis of C1 (orange color) and C3 (blue color). (B) Pathways enriched in Pdcd1^hi and Sell^hi clusters as analyzed by GSEA. (C) Stacked bars showing cell cycle phases in each cluster. (D) Heatmaps showing genes associated with cell cycle, anti-apoptosis, Tfh cell signature, and cellular localization expression in CD62L⁺ Tfh, PD-1⁺ Tfh, and non-Tfh cells derived from draining lymph nodes of Bcl6^RFP × Foxp3^GFP double reporter mice at day 8 after KLH immunization. (E) Chromatin accessible regions of CD62L⁺ Tfh, PD-1⁺ Tfh, and naïve CD4⁺ T cells were analyzed in parallel. Venn map shows the overlap of upregulated peaks (top) of CD62L⁺ Tfh and PD-1⁺ Tfh cells compared with naïve CD4⁺ T cells or downregulated peaks (bottom) of CD62L⁺ Tfh and PD-1⁺ Tfh cells compared with naïve CD4⁺ T cells. (F and G) CD62L⁺ and PD-1⁺ Tfh cells derived from draining lymph nodes of Bcl6^RFP × Foxp3^GFP double reporter mice on day 8 after KLH immunization were isolated and ATAC-seq was performed. Binding motif of gene or gene complex enriched in CD62L⁺ Tfh cells (F) and (G) PD-1⁺ Tfh cells upregulated peaks. Specific genes were highlighted in red dots. ****, P < 0.0001.