TABLE II.
Patient Demographic and Operative Characteristics
| All Patients (N = 157) | Non-Opioid Cohort (N = 76) | Opioid Cohort (N = 81) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age at time of surgery* (yr) | 6.2 (5.1 to 7.7) | 6.0 (5.0 to 7.6) | 6.5 (5.4 to 7.8) |
| Sex† | |||
| Male | 79 (50.3%) | 39 (51.3%) | 40 (49.4%) |
| Female | 78 (49.7%) | 37 (48.7%) | 41 (50.6%) |
| Race†‡ | |||
| White | 107 (77.0%) | 48 (78.7%) | 59 (75.6%) |
| Black | 5 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (6.4%) |
| Asian | 14 (10.1%) | 9 (14.8%) | 5 (6.4%) |
| Multiracial | 4 (2.9%) | 2 (3.3%) | 2 (2.6%) |
| Other | 9 (6.5%) | 2 (3.3%) | 7 (9.0%) |
| Ethnicity†‡ | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 34 (22.7%) | 25 (35.7%) | 9 (11.3%) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 116 (77.3%) | 45 (64.3%) | 71 (88.8%) |
| BMI categories†‡ | |||
| Underweight, <5th percentile | 4 (3.8%) | 2 (4.2%) | 2 (3.4%) |
| Healthy weight, 5th to 84th percentile | 73 (68.9%) | 33 (68.8%) | 40 (69.0%) |
| Overweight, 85th to 95th percentile | 18 (17.0%) | 7 (14.6%) | 11 (19.0%) |
| Obese, >95th percentile | 11 (10.4%) | 6 (12.5%) | 5 (8.6%) |
| BMI percentile* | 61 (28 to 86) | 70 (25 to 85) | 61 (28 to 86) |
| Perioperative characteristics | |||
| Preoperative | |||
| Preoperative length of stay* (hr) | 10.7 (3.9 to 14.2) | 9.5 (2.6 to 14.2) | 11.2 (6.2 to 13.3) |
| Preoperative nerve injury† | |||
| No | 153 (97.5%) | 76 (100%) | 77 (95.1%) |
| Yes | 4 (2.5%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (4.9%) |
| Operative | |||
| Modified-Gartland classification† | |||
| Type II | 67 (42.7%) | 37 (48.7%) | 30 (37.0%) |
| Type III | 90 (57.3%) | 39 (51.3%) | 51 (63.0%) |
| Procedure time* (min) | 30 (23 to 39) | 27 (21 to 36) | 34 (25 to 41) |
| No. of pins† | |||
| 2 | 68 (43.3%) | 37 (48.7%) | 31 (38.3%) |
| 3 | 85 (54.1%) | 38 (50.0%) | 47 (58.0%) |
| ≥4 | 4 (2.5%) | 1 (1.3%) | 3 (3.7%) |
| Pin configuration† | |||
| Lateral entry only | 135 (86.0%) | 61 (80.3%) | 74 (91.4%) |
| Cross-pinning (medial and lateral) | 22 (14.0%) | 15 (19.7%) | 7 (8.6%) |
| Postoperative | |||
| Postoperative length of stay* (hr) | 4.9 (2.8 to 8.1) | 5.7 (2.3 to 11.8) | 4.9 (3.3 to 7.1) |
| Postoperative nerve injury† | |||
| No | 156 (99.4%) | 76 (100%) | 80 (98.8%) |
| Yes | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.2%) |
| Immobilization† | |||
| Long arm cast | 137 (87.3%) | 65 (85.5%) | 72 (88.9%) |
| Long arm posterior splint | 20 (12.7%) | 11 (14.5%) | 9 (11.1%) |
| Prophylactic cast bivalving† (if applicable) | |||
| No | 65 (47.4%) | 13 (20.0%) | 52 (72.2%) |
| Yes | 72 (52.6%) | 52 (80.0%) | 20 (27.8%) |
*
The values are given as the median, with the IQR in parentheses.
†
The values are given as the number of patients, with the percentage in parentheses.
‡
Subjects for whom demographic data were missing from the electronic medical record were not included in these categories in this table.