Table 1. Characteristics of participating women according to each MHT use.
| Non-MHT | Tibolone | Combined Estrogen plus progestin by the manufacturer | Oral Estrogen | Combined Estrogen plus progestin by the physician | Topical estrogen | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nunber of women | 1,004,034 | 192,671 | 128,168 | 52,404 | 6,427 | 2,041 | 1,385,745 |
| Median age (years) | 58 [52–64] | 53 [50–57] | 52 [50–56] | 53 [49–57] | 54 [51–59] | 53 [50–57] | 56 [52–62] |
| Age at inclusion (years) | |||||||
| 40~49 | 84,417 (8.4) | 33,788 (17.5) | 29,306 (22.9) | 13,632 (26) | 1,123 (17.5) | 430 (21.1) | 162,696 (11.7) |
| 50~59 | 484,104 (48.2) | 125,909 (65.3) | 85,192 (66.5) | 29,244 (55.8) | 3,795 (59) | 1,250 (61.2) | 729,494 (52.6) |
| 60~69 | 301,557 (34.7) | 29,170 (15.4) | 12,598 (9.9) | 7,794 (15.4) | 1,313 (21.1) | 326 (16.3) | 352,758 (28.3) |
| 70~ | 133,956 (13.3) | 3,804 (2) | 1,072 (0.8) | 1,734 (3.3) | 196 (3) | 35 (1.7) | 140,797 (10.2) |
| Median BMI (kg/m2) | 24 [22.1–26.1] | 23.5 [21.8–25.4] | 23.1 [21.5–25] | 23.7 [22–25.7] | 23.3 [21.6–25.3] | 23.7 [21.9–25.6] | 23.8 [21.9–25.9] |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||
| <18.5 | 18,791 (1.9) | 3,309 (1.7) | 2,568 (2) | 764 (1.5) | 133 (2.1) | 45 (2.2) | 25,610 (1.9) |
| 18.5–22.9 | 337,118 (34.3) | 77,308 (40.5) | 57,623 (45.3) | 19,199 (37) | 2,663 (41.8) | 760 (37.5) | 494,671 (36.3) |
| 23–24.9 | 260,332 (26.5) | 52,950 (27.8) | 34,153 (26.8) | 14,541 (28) | 1,765 (27.7) | 534 (26.4) | 364,275 (26.7) |
| 25–29.9 | 325,102 (33) | 52,386 (27.5) | 30,410 (23.9) | 15,690 (30.2) | 1,669 (26.2) | 629 (31) | 425,886 (31.3) |
| ≥30 | 42,479 (4.3) | 4,828 (2.5) | 2,512 (2) | 1,762 (3.4) | 146 (2.3) | 58 (2.9) | 51,785 (3.8) |
| SES | |||||||
| Mid~high SES | 960,866 (95.7) | 185,728 (96.4) | 124,928 (97.5) | 50,919 (97.2) | 6,266 (97.5) | 1,982 (97.1) | 1,330,689 (96) |
| Low SES | 43,168 (4.3) | 6,943 (3.6) | 3,240 (2.5) | 1,485 (2.8) | 161 (2.5) | 59 (2.9) | 55,056 (4) |
| Region | |||||||
| Urban area | 294,903 (29.4) | 59,839 (31.1) | 43,287 (33.8) | 16,458 (31.4) | 3,244 (50.5) | 921 (45.1) | 418,652 (30.2) |
| Rural area | 709,131 (70.6) | 132,832 (68.9) | 84,881 (66.2) | 35,946 (68.6) | 3,183 (49.5) | 1,120 (54.9) | 967,093 (69.8) |
| CCI | |||||||
| 0 | 656,540 (65.4) | 130,604 (67.8) | 90,490 (70.6) | 36,399 (69.5) | 4,416 (68.7) | 1,327 (65) | 919,776 (66.4) |
| 1 | 199,130 (19.8) | 37,813 (19.6) | 23,407 (18.3) | 9,649 (18.4) | 1,219 (19) | 383 (18.8) | 271,601 (19.6) |
| ≥2 | 148,364 (14.8) | 24,254 (12.6) | 14,271 (11.1) | 6,356 (12.1) | 792 (12.3) | 331 (16.2) | 194,368 (14) |
| Parity (years) | |||||||
| 0 or not respond | 164,289 (16.4) | 29,963 (15.6) | 16,060 (12.5) | 10,997 (21) | 1,267 (19.7) | 449 (22) | 223,025 (16.1) |
| 1 | 59,267 (5.9) | 16,739 (8.7) | 13,332 (10.4) | 4,005 (7.6) | 471 (7.3) | 160 (7.8) | 93,974 (6.8) |
| 2 | 659,839 (74.7) | 128,551 (73.4) | 89,322 (75.2) | 32,210 (68.2) | 4,030 (69.9) | 1,229 (66.9) | 915,181 (74.3) |
| ≥3 | 120,639 (12) | 17,418 (9) | 9,454 (7.4) | 5,192 (9.9) | 659 (10.3) | 203 (9.9) | 153,565 (11.1) |
| Age at menarche (years) | |||||||
| <13 | 156,222 (15.6) | 27,914 (14.6) | 18,258 (14.3) | 9,606 (18.6) | 1,193 (18.7) | 379 (18.8) | 213,572 (15.5) |
| ≥13 | 843,102 (84.4) | 163,242 (85.4) | 109,174 (85.7) | 42,125 (81.4) | 5,179 (81.3) | 1,637 (81.2) | 1,164,459 (84.5) |
| Age at menopause (years) | |||||||
| 40–44 | 120,211 (12) | 23,115 (12) | 14,382 (11.2) | 11,294 (21.6) | 821 (12.8) | 402 (19.7) | 170,225 (12.3) |
| 45–49 | 289,518 (28.8) | 62,716 (32.6) | 42,933 (33.5) | 18,587 (35.5) | 2,049 (31.9) | 738 (36.2) | 416,541 (30.1) |
| 50–54 | 506,064 (55.3) | 92,258 (51.8) | 62,335 (52.1) | 19,965 (40.1) | 3,039 (51.4) | 777 (40.5) | 684,438 (53.8) |
| 55- | 88,241 (8.8) | 14,582 (7.6) | 8,518 (6.6) | 2,558 (4.9) | 518 (8.1) | 124 (6.1) | 114,541 (8.3) |
| Smoking | |||||||
| Never | 915,250 (96.4) | 173,854 (93.8) | 116,024 (93.5) | 47,863 (95) | 5,923 (95.6) | 1,876 (96.3) | 1,260,790 (95.7) |
| Past | 9,652 (1) | 3,162 (1.7) | 2,264 (1.8) | 703 (1.4) | 85 (1.4) | 30 (1.5) | 15,896 (1.2) |
| Current | 24,678 (2.6) | 8,380 (4.5) | 5,801 (4.7) | 1,813 (3.6) | 185 (3) | 43 (2.2) | 40,900 (3.1) |
| Alcohol (per week) | |||||||
| None | 814,065 (85.4) | 144,807 (77.6) | 94,626 (75.8) | 40,485 (79.7) | 5,160 (82.7) | 1,627 (82.3) | 1,100,770 (83.2) |
| ~2/week | 119,064 (12.5) | 35,528 (19) | 25,781 (20.7) | 8,948 (17.6) | 951 (15.2) | 310 (15.7) | 190,582 (14.4) |
| 3~6/week | 14,736 (1.6) | 4,853 (2.6) | 3,523 (2.8) | 971 (1.9) | 90 (1.5) | 30 (1.5) | 24,203 (1.8) |
| Daily | 5,325 (0.6) | 1,492 (0.8) | 900 (0.7) | 375 (0.7) | 39 (0.6) | 10 (0.5) | 8,141 (0.6) |
| Physical exercise (per week) | |||||||
| None | 626,662 (65.6) | 110,995 (59.5) | 74,801 (59.9) | 30,285 (59.7) | 3,563 (57.1) | 1,036 (52.7) | 847,342 (63.9) |
| 1~2 | 156,356 (16.4) | 35,585 (19.1) | 24,376 (19.5) | 9,746 (19.2) | 1,220 (19.6) | 426 (21.7) | 227,709 (17.2) |
| 3~4 | 86,645 (9.1) | 21,377 (11.5) | 14,543 (11.6) | 5,609 (11.1) | 804 (12.9) | 289 (14.7) | 129,267 (9.8) |
| 5~6 | 28,987 (3) | 7,032 (3.8) | 4,764 (3.8) | 1,785 (3.5) | 239 (3.8) | 84 (4.3) | 42,891 (3.2) |
| Daily | 56,123 (5.9) | 11,570 (6.2) | 6,361 (5.1) | 3,316 (6.5) | 410 (6.6) | 131 (6.7) | 77,911 (5.9) |
| Period from menopause to inclusion (years) | |||||||
| <5 | 388,428 (38.7) | 111,808 (58) | 87,230 (68.1) | 27,330 (52.2) | 3,306 (51.4) | 1,039 (50.9) | 619,141 (44.7) |
| 5~9 | 209,061 (20.8) | 44,237 (23) | 25,390 (19.8) | 13,075 (25) | 1,541 (24) | 538 (26.4) | 293,842 (21.2) |
| 10~ | 406,545 (40.5) | 36,626 (19) | 15,548 (12.1) | 11,999 (22.9) | 1,580 (24.6) | 464 (22.7) | 472,762 (34.1) |
BMI, Body mass index, CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; MHT, menopausal hormone therapy; SES, socioeconomic status
Data are expressed as the number (%) or median [25th percentile, 75th percentile].