Table 1.
Characteristics of genotyped male HEALS participants included in analyses of LoY
| Randomly selecteda | Randomly selected and skin-lesion-freeb | Incident skin lesions | Prevalent skin lesions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 778 | 519 | 270 | 361 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <30 | 86 (11.1%) | 70 (13.5%) | 7 (2.6%) | 16 (4.4%) |
| 30–39 | 282 (36.2%) | 204 (39.3%) | 55 (20.4%) | 92 (25.5%) |
| 40–49 | 241 (31.0%) | 147 (28.3%) | 106 (39.3%) | 136 (37.7%) |
| 50–59 | 135 (17.4%) | 83 (16.0%) | 78 (28.9%) | 93 (25.8%) |
| >59 | 34 (4.4%) | 15 (2.9%) | 24 (8.9%) | 24 (6.6%) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
| <17.5 | 195 (25.1%) | 120 (23.1%) | 72 (26.9%) | 111 (31.0%) |
| 17.5–18.8 | 193 (24.8%) | 116 (22.4%) | 77 (28.7%) | 92 (25.7%) |
| 18.9–21.1 | 195 (25.1%) | 141 (27.2%) | 62 (23.1%) | 94 (26.3%) |
| >21.1 | 194 (25.0%) | 142 (27.4%) | 57 (21.3%) | 61 (17.0%) |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Never | 207 (26.6%) | 152 (29.3%) | 54 (20.0%) | 63 (17.5%) |
| Former | 76 (9.8%) | 43 (8.3%) | 47 (17.4%) | 59 (16.3%) |
| Current | 495 (63.6%) | 324 (62.4%) | 169 (62.6%) | 239 (66.2%) |
| Education (years) | ||||
| 0 | 281 (36.1%) | 187 (36.0%) | 102 (37.8%) | 175 (48.5%) |
| 1–5 | 258 (33.2%) | 164 (31.6%) | 95 (35.2%) | 109 (30.2%) |
| 6–16 | 239 (30.7%) | 168 (32.4%) | 73 (27.0%) | 77 (21.3%) |
| Water arsenic (µg/L) | ||||
| <17 | 195 (25.1%) | 150 (28.9%) | 59 (21.9%) | 51 (14.1%) |
| 17–71 | 191 (24.6%) | 142 (27.4%) | 40 (14.8%) | 80 (22.2%) |
| 72–153 | 196 (25.2%) | 132 (25.4%) | 64 (23.7%) | 98 (27.1%) |
| >153 | 196 (25.2%) | 95 (18.3%) | 107 (39.6%) | 132 (36.6%) |
| Arsenic dose (µg/day) | ||||
| <37 | 195 (25.1%) | 150 (28.9%) | 58 (21.5%) | 46 (12.7%) |
| 37–169 | 194 (24.9%) | 151 (29.1%) | 46 (17.0%) | 73 (20.2%) |
| 170–419 | 194 (24.9%) | 118 (22.7%) | 70 (25.9%) | 110 (30.5%) |
| >419 | 195 (25.1%) | 100 (19.3%) | 96 (35.6%) | 132 (36.6%) |
| Urinary arsenic (µg/L) | ||||
| <50 | 190 (24.8%) | 136 (26.4%) | 47 (17.9%) | 67 (18.7%) |
| 50–103 | 192 (25.1%) | 145 (28.2%) | 55 (20.9%) | 67 (18.7%) |
| 104–196 | 191 (25.0%) | 129 (25.0%) | 73 (27.8%) | 114 (31.8%) |
| >196 | 192 (25.1%) | 105 (20.4%) | 88 (33.5%) | 111 (30.9%) |
a
Frequencies may not sum to the total due to small amounts of missing data.Randomly selected genotyped men may include participants who have or develop skin lesions (see ‘Methods’ section).
b
Randomly selected and skin-lesion-free group were considered our control group and includes randomly selected genotyped men who did not have or develop skin lesions (i.e. free of skin lesions). HEALS, Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study; LoY, loss of Y chromosome.