Table 3.
Association between arsenic exposure and LoY within randomly selected genotyped male HEALS participants (n = 778)
| Percentage of cells with LoY (%) |
>5% of cells |
>10% of cells |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (SD) | β (SE) | P | LoY | OR (95% CI) | P | LoY | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Water arsenic (µg/L) | ||||||||||
| <17 | 195 | 0.39 (3.18) | Ref. | – | 13 | 1.00 | – | 3 | 1.00 | – |
| 17–71 | 191 | 0.78 (3.25) | 0.42 (0.27) | 0.11 | 11 | 1.14 (0.41, 3.13) | 0.80 | 2 | 0.72 (0.05, 10.87) | 0.81 |
| 72–153 | 196 | 1.06 (3.35) | 0.55 (0.27) | 0.043 | 25 | 2.90 (1.16, 7.23) | 0.022 | 2 | 0.36 (0.03, 5.04) | 0.45 |
| >153 | 196 | 1.35 (3.66) | 0.75 (0.27) | 0.0054 | 19 | 1.54 (0.60, 3.93) | 0.37 | 9 | 5.38 (0.68, 42.42) | 0.11 |
| Ordinalb | 0.24 (0.09) | 0.0056 | 1.22 (0.92, 1.62) | 0.18 | 1.93 (0.96, 3.88) | 0.066 | ||||
| Arsenic dose (µg/day) | ||||||||||
| <37 | 195 | 0.35 (3.18) | Ref. | – | 12 | 1.00 | – | 3 | 1.00 | – |
| 37–169 | 194 | 1.29 (3.58) | 0.92 (0.27) | <0.001 | 20 | 2.82 (1.10, 7.19) | 0.030 | 4 | 1.77 (0.16, 19.08) | 0.64 |
| 170–419 | 194 | 0.74 (3.22) | 0.45 (0.27) | 0.093 | 19 | 2.36 (0.90, 6.21) | 0.082 | 1 | 0.19 (0.01, 4.34) | 0.30 |
| >419 | 195 | 1.21 (3.46) | 0.70 (0.27) | 0.010 | 17 | 1.30 (0.47, 3.54) | 0.61 | 8 | 6.08 (0.68, 54.59) | 0.11 |
| Ordinalb | 0.16 (0.09) | 0.061 | 1.03 (0.77, 1.37) | 0.85 | 1.69 (0.82, 3.48) | 0.16 | ||||
| Urinary arsenic (covariate adjusted, µg/L)a | ||||||||||
| <56 | 191 | 0.42 (3.28) | Ref. | – | 15 | 1.00 | – | 2 | 1.00 | – |
| 56–98 | 191 | 0.97 (3.45) | 0.57 (0.27) | 0.033 | 16 | 1.46 (0.59, 3.63) | 0.41 | 4 | 9.15 (0.75, 111.18) | 0.082 |
| 99–168 | 191 | 1.10 (3.44) | 0.69 (0.27) | 0.011 | 19 | 1.69 (0.68, 4.18) | 0.26 | 4 | 8.56 (0.69, 106.50) | 0.095 |
| >168 | 191 | 0.95 (3.30) | 0.40 (0.27) | 0.14 | 15 | 0.77 (0.30, 2.00) | 0.59 | 6 | 9.87 (0.79, 123.69) | 0.076 |
| Ordinalb | 0.13 (0.09) | 0.13 | 0.95 (0.71, 1.26) | 0.70 | 1.76 (0.88, 3.52) | 0.11 | ||||
Results from linear and logistic regression models are presented for categorical arsenic quartile exposure on percentage of cells with LoY (continuous outcome) and thresholds based on percentage of cells with LoY (i.e. 5% and 10%, binary outcome), respectively. All models were adjusted for age, genotyping batch, sdLRR-chr1, mLRR-chr1, deletion status, smoking status, education status and BMI category.
Urinary arsenic was corrected for urinary creatinine using a covariate-adjustment approach. Creatinine was adjusted for age and BMI category. See ‘Methods’ section.
Arsenic quartile exposures treated as an ordinal predictor in statistical models. Association estimate corresponds to a unit increase in the arsenic quartile. HEALS, Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study; LoY, loss of Y chromosome; OR, odds ratio; sdLRR-chr1, standard deviation of LRR from chromosome 1; mLRR-chr1, median of LRR from chromosome 1; BMI, body mass index.