Table 2.
Summary of Key Studies Evaluating Efficacy of TTFields Therapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma.
| Authors and Year | Methods | Participants | Positive outcomes | Negative/adverse outcomes | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kesari et al, [2017] | Investigated TTFields + chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone in recurrent GBM after first recurrence. | 203 | Longer median OS in TTFields + chemo group | Low toxicity profile; no grade 3/4 device-related adverse events | TTFields + chemotherapy prolongs OS in recurrent GBM after first recurrence. |
| Mikic, N., et al [2021] | Evaluated skull remodeling surgery + TTFields + best oncology treatment vs TTFields + best oncology treatment in first recurrence GBM. | 70 | Safety and feasibility demonstrated; potential to improve outcome. | None | Skull remodeling + TTFields + oncology treatment is safe and holds potential to improve outcome in GBM. |
| Kanner et al, [2014] | Compared NovoTTF therapy vs best physician’s choice chemotherapy in recurrent GBM. | 237 | Higher median OS with NovoTTF therapy | Mild to moderate skin rash beneath transducer arrays (14%) | NovoTTF therapy provides OS benefit in recurrent GBM. |
| Korshoej, A. R., et al [2020] | Tested safety and feasibility of skull remodeling surgery + TTFields + oncology treatment in recurrent GBM. | 15 | Increased TTFields dose with skull remodeling surgery | 71 adverse events (grades 1-3), no grade 4/5 or intervention-related serious AEs | Skull remodeling + TTFields + oncology treatment is safe and holds potential to improve outcome in GBM. |
| Mrugala, M. M., et al [2014] | Investigated NovoTTF therapy in recurrent GBM patients in real-world clinical practice. | 457 | Longer median OS in NovoTTF therapy group | Mild to moderate skin rash beneath transducer arrays (14%) | NovoTTF therapy offers clinical benefit and favorable safety profile in real-world setting. |
| Stupp, R., et al [2012] | Evaluated NovoTTF-100A vs active chemotherapy in recurrent GBM. | 237 | Comparable efficacy to chemotherapy; mild to moderate skin rash (14-16%) | NovoTTF therapy provides efficacy comparable to chemotherapy, with quality of life benefits. | TFF therapy is effective |
| Wong et al, [2015] | Explored NovoTTF-100A + bevacizumab vs TCCC + bevacizumab in recurrent GBM. | 37 | Trend for prolonged OS with NovoTTF + TCCC combination | Mild to moderate skin rash beneath transducer arrays | Combining NovoTTF-100A and TCCC may improve survival. |
| Dono et al, [2021] | Investigated TBI regimen vs BBC + T treatment in recurrent glioblastoma patients. | 48 | Improved median OS (10.3 vs 4.1 months) with TBI regimen | Grade III hypertension (38.9%), leukopenia (22.2%) | TBI regimen may improve survival and response in recurrent glioblastoma. |
| Dono, A., et al [2021] | Investigated impact of PTEN mutation on TTFields therapy in recurrent glioblastoma. | 29 | Significant PPS benefit in PTEN-mutant rGBM with TTFields | None | PTEN mutation status may influence response to TTFields therapy. |
GBM = Glioblastoma, OS = overall survival, PPS = progression-free survival, PTEN = Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog, TBI = Temozolomide, Bevacizumab, and Irinotecan, TCCC = Triple Chemotherapy Combination, TTFields = Tumor-Treating Fields.